Greenville
City
SealLogo
Nicknames: G-Vegas/Green Vegas,[1] GVL
Interactive map of Greenville
GreenvilleLocation within South CarolinaShow map of South CarolinaGreenvilleLocation within the United StatesShow map of the United States
Coordinates: 34°51′40″N 82°24′48″W / 34.86111°N 82.41333°W / 34.86111; -82.41333[7]
CountryUnited States
StateSouth Carolina
CountyGreenville
Incorporated (as a village)December 17, 1831 (1831-12-17)[2]
Named afterNathanael Greene
Government[3]
 • TypeCouncil–manager
 • MayorKnox H. White (R)
 • City managerShannon Lavrin
Area[4]
 • City30.02 sq mi (77.76 km2)
 • Land29.80 sq mi (77.17 km2)
 • Water0.22 sq mi (0.58 km2)
Elevation[7]955 ft (291 m)
Population (2020)[5]
 • City70,720
 • RankSC: 6th
 • Density2,373.4/sq mi (916.37/km2)
 • Urban408,626 (US: 109th) (Greenville/Mauldin Urbanized Area Combined 568,132)
 • Urban density1,477/sq mi (570.3/km2)
 • Metro[6]996,680 (US: 57th)
DemonymGreenvillian
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes29601–29617
Area codes864, 821
FIPS code45-30850
GNIS feature ID2403750[7]
Websitegreenvillesc.gov

Greenville (/ˈɡriːnvɪl/ GREEN-vil; locally /ˈɡriːnvəl/ GREEN-vəl) is a city in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States, and its county seat. It is the sixth-most populous city in South Carolina with a population of 70,720 at the 2020 census,[8] while the Greenville metropolitan area has an estimated 997,000 residents and is the largest metropolitan area in the state.

Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte along I-85; its metro area also includes I-185 and I-385. It is the anchor city of Upstate South Carolina, an economic and cultural region in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains with an estimated population of 1.63 million.[6]

Greenville was established in 1797 and incorporated in 1831. The city experienced early growth through the development of cotton mills and rail infrastructure, which positioned it as a key industrial hub in the Southeast. In recent decades, Greenville has shifted toward advanced manufacturing and automotive production. Numerous companies have offices within the city, such as Michelin, Prisma Health, Bon Secours, and Duke Energy.[9] Its cultural institutions include the Peace Center and Greenville County Museum of Art, as well as the Falls Park on the Reedy next to Downtown Greenville.

History

From Cherokee land to Greenville County

The land of present-day Greenville was once the hunting ground of the Cherokee, which was forbidden to colonists. A wealthy settler from Virginia named Richard Pearis arrived in South Carolina around 1754 and established relations with the Cherokee. Pearis had a child with a Cherokee woman and received about 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) from the Cherokee around 1770. Pearis established a plantation on the Reedy River called the Great Plains in present-day Downtown Greenville. The American Revolution divided the South Carolina country between the Loyalists and Patriots. Pearis supported the Loyalists and together with their allies, the Cherokee, attacked the Patriots. The Patriots retaliated by burning down Pearis' plantation and jailing him in Charleston. Pearis never returned to his plantation but Paris Mountain is named after him.[10] The Treaty of Dewitt's Corner in 1777 ceded almost all Cherokee land, including present-day Greenville, to South Carolina.[11]

Greenville County was created in 1786. Some sources state it was named for its physical appearance, while others say the county is named after General Nathanael Greene in honor of his service in the American Revolutionary War, or after early settler Isaac Green.[12][13][14] Lemuel J. Alston came to Greenville County in 1788 and bought 400 acres (160 ha) and a portion of Pearis' former plantation. In 1797 Alston used his land holdings to establish a village called Pleasantburg where he also built a stately mansion. In 1816, Alston's land was purchased by Vardry McBee, who then leased the Alston mansion for a summer resort, before making the mansion his home from 1835 until his death in 1864.[15] Pleasantburg was renamed as Greenville in 1821 and became a village in 1831.[14] Considered to be the father of Greenville, McBee donated land for many structures such as churches, academies, and a cotton mill. Furman University was funded by McBee who helped bring the university to Greenville from Winnsboro, South Carolina, in 1851. In 1853 McBee and other Greenville County leaders funded a new railroad called the Greenville & Columbia Railroad. Greenville boomed to around 1,000 in the 1850s due to the growth of McBee's donations and the attraction of the town as a summer resort for visitors.[15][16]

Latter 19th century

In December 1860 Greenville supported a convention to debate the issue of secession for South Carolina. The Greenville District sent James Furman, William K. Easley, Perry E. Duncan, William H. Campbell, and James P. Harrison as delegates for the convention. On December 20, 1860, the South Carolina state convention, along with the Greenville delegation, voted to secede from the Union. Greenville County provided over 2,000 soldiers to the Confederate States Army. The town supplied food, clothing, and firearms to the Confederacy. Greenville saw no action from the war until 1865 when Union troops came through the town looking for President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy who had fled south from Richmond, Virginia. In June 1865, President Andrew Johnson appointed Greenville County native Benjamin Franklin Perry as Governor of South Carolina.[15][17]

In February 1869, Greenville's town charter was amended by the South Carolina General Assembly establishing Greenville, the town, as a city. Construction boomed in the 1870s which saw the establishment of a bridge over the Reedy River, new mills on the river, and new railroads. The Greenville News was established in 1874 as Greenville's first daily newspaper. Southern Bell installed the first telephone lines in the city. The most important infrastructure that came to the city were cotton mills. Prominent cotton mill businesses operated near Greenville making it a cotton mill town. By 1915 Greenville became known as the "Textile Center of the South."[15] From 1915 to 2004, the city hosted an important textile manufacturing trade fair, the Southern Textile Exposition.

20th century

During World War I, Greenville served as a training camp center for US Army recruits. After World War I commercial activity expanded with new movie theaters and department stores. The Mansion House was demolished and replaced with the Poinsett Hotel in 1925.[15] The Great Depression hurt the economy of Greenville forcing mills to lay off workers. Furman University and the Greenville Women's College also struggled in the crippling economy forcing them to merge in 1933. The Textile Workers Strike of 1934 had a major impact in the city and surrounding mill towns, and the National Guard subdued the strike. The New Deal established Sirrine Stadium and a new Greenville High School. The Greenville Army Air Base was established in 1942 during World War II contributing to the further growth of Greenville.[15]

After the war, a November 19, 1946, propane explosion left 6 dead and over 150 injured. The explosion involved a tank containing about 3,500 US gallons (13 m3) of propane and could be heard from Gaffney, 50 miles (80 km) away.

On February 16, 1947, Willie Earle, a black man accused of stabbing a cab driver, was taken from his jail cell by a mob of mostly taxi drivers and murdered. Thirty-one white men were jointly tried for the crime; most of the accused signed confessions, many of them naming Roosevelt Carlos Hurd as the lynch mob leader and the person who ultimately killed Earle with the shotgun. On May 21, 1947, a jury of 12 white men returned verdicts of not guilty for every defendant.[18][19]

After World War II, Greenville's economy surged with the establishment of new stores and the expansion of the city limits. Furman University doubled its student population and moved to a new location. Higher education facilities such as Bob Jones University in 1947 and Greenville Technical College in 1962 were established in Greenville. The Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport was established in nearby Greer in 1962. The 1966 construction of the Landmark Building added what remains the city's tallest building.[20] Greenville's economy waned in the 1970s, leaving a void due to the flight of many retailers. Mayor Max Heller then began a revitalization with the Greenville County Museum of Art and the Hughes Main Library. Main Street was then converted into a two-lane road lined with trees and sidewalks. With a 1978 federal grant, a convention center and hotel were built, bringing business back to the area.[21]

After a succession of several mayors in the early 1980s, Bill Workman was elected in 1983 and made economic development a priority.[22] He and the chamber of commerce convinced Michelin to move its North America headquarters to Greenville in 1984. Tens of other companies also moved to Greenville in following years, including pulp and paper business Bowater in 1992.[23] The Greenville Municipal Stadium was constructed in 1984.[24] The city acted as developer for the West End Market project, which later brought an arts and entertainment district.[25]

In 1990, the Peace Center arts venue opened in downtown Greenville. In 1994, BMW opened its first manufacturing plant outside Germany between Greenville and Spartanburg. Knox White became mayor in 1995. In 1998, Bon Secours Wellness Arena replaced Greenville Memorial Auditorium as an entertainment arena. The Poinsett Hotel was renovated in the late 1990s with Poinsett Plaza at its entryway, and the Camperdown Bridge that had crossed Reedy Falls for four decades was removed and replaced with a renovated Falls Park.[26]

21st century

During the 2000s, thousands of people started moving to Greenville. Liberty Bridge at Falls Park was completed in 2004 and became a major landmark.[27] Greenville has continued to evolve and grow with over 70,000 residents in its city limits as of 2020.[8] Its growth has also improved the popularity of close cities such as Simpsonville, Mauldin, and Fountain Inn. Under the leadership of Knox White, the Swamp Rabbit Trail was opened in 2010. It is an old railroad converted into a path that attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year.[28]

Geography

Greenville is roughly equidistant between Atlanta (145 miles [233 km] southwest), and Charlotte, North Carolina (100 miles [160 km] northeast). Columbia, the state capital, is 100 miles (160 km) to the southeast.

Greenville is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range, and includes many small hills. Sassafras Mountain, the highest point in South Carolina, is in northern Pickens County, less than 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Greenville. Many area television and radio station towers are on Paris Mountain, the second most prominent peak in the area, 8 miles (13 km) north of downtown Greenville. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.02 square miles (77.8 km2), of which 29.80 square miles (77.2 km2) is land and 0.23 square miles (0.60 km2) (0.77%) is water.[4] The Reedy River, a tributary of the Saluda River, runs through the center of the city.

Greenville is located in the Brevard Fault Zone and has had occasional minor earthquakes.

Climate

Greenville, like much of the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States, has a mild version of a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons; the city is part of USDA Hardiness zone 8a/8b.[29] Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 42.2 °F (5.7 °C). On average, there are 59 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 1.3 days that fail to rise above freezing.[30] April is the driest month, with an average of 3.36 inches (85 mm) of precipitation.

Summers are hot and humid, with a daily temperature average in July of 79.9 °F (26.6 °C). There are an average 43 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C).[30] Official record temperatures range from 107 °F (42 °C) on July 1, 2012, down to −6 °F (−21 °C) on January 30, 1966; the record cold daily maximum is 19 °F (−7 °C) on December 31, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on July 12, 1937, the last of three occasions.[30] The average window for freezing temperatures is November 4 through April 1, allowing a growing season of 217 days.[30]

Precipitation is generally less frequent in autumn than spring[30] and, on average, Greenville receives 47.2 inches (1,200 mm) of precipitation annually, which is somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although summer is slightly wetter; annual precipitation has historically ranged from 31.08 in (789 mm) in 2007 to 72.53 in (1,842 mm) in 1908.[30] In addition, there is an average of 4.7 inches (11.9 cm) of snow, occurring mainly from January thru March, with rare snow occurring in November or April. More frequent ice storms and sleet mixed in with rain occur in the Greenville area; seasonal snowfall has historically ranged from trace amounts as recently as 2011–12 to 21.4 in (54 cm) in 1935–36.[30] These storms can have a major impact on the area, as they often pull tree limbs down on power lines and make driving hazardous.

Climate data for Greenville, South Carolina (Greenville–Spartanburg Int'l), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1884–present[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 82
(28) 		81
(27) 		91
(33) 		94
(34) 		100
(38) 		105
(41) 		107
(42) 		105
(41) 		101
(38) 		98
(37) 		86
(30) 		79
(26) 		107
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 70.3
(21.3) 		73.2
(22.9) 		81.2
(27.3) 		85.8
(29.9) 		90.6
(32.6) 		95.1
(35.1) 		97.3
(36.3) 		95.9
(35.5) 		92.1
(33.4) 		85.1
(29.5) 		77.0
(25.0) 		70.6
(21.4) 		98.3
(36.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 52.8
(11.6) 		57.0
(13.9) 		64.4
(18.0) 		73.2
(22.9) 		80.3
(26.8) 		87.2
(30.7) 		90.3
(32.4) 		88.5
(31.4) 		82.7
(28.2) 		73.1
(22.8) 		62.9
(17.2) 		54.9
(12.7) 		72.3
(22.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 42.5
(5.8) 		45.9
(7.7) 		52.8
(11.6) 		61.0
(16.1) 		68.9
(20.5) 		76.3
(24.6) 		79.7
(26.5) 		78.4
(25.8) 		72.5
(22.5) 		61.7
(16.5) 		51.6
(10.9) 		44.8
(7.1) 		61.3
(16.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 32.1
(0.1) 		34.8
(1.6) 		41.2
(5.1) 		48.7
(9.3) 		57.5
(14.2) 		65.5
(18.6) 		69.2
(20.7) 		68.3
(20.2) 		62.4
(16.9) 		50.4
(10.2) 		40.4
(4.7) 		34.8
(1.6) 		50.4
(10.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 15.7
(−9.1) 		20.3
(−6.5) 		24.8
(−4.0) 		33.5
(0.8) 		43.7
(6.5) 		56.3
(13.5) 		63.0
(17.2) 		61.6
(16.4) 		50.6
(10.3) 		35.1
(1.7) 		26.1
(−3.3) 		21.1
(−6.1) 		13.7
(−10.2)
Record low °F (°C) −6
(−21) 		−5
(−21) 		11
(−12) 		22
(−6) 		27
(−3) 		40
(4) 		53
(12) 		50
(10) 		32
(0) 		25
(−4) 		11
(−12) 		3
(−16) 		−6
(−21)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.12
(105) 		3.84
(98) 		4.48
(114) 		4.04
(103) 		4.07
(103) 		3.90
(99) 		4.82
(122) 		4.66
(118) 		3.73
(95) 		3.59
(91) 		3.84
(98) 		4.58
(116) 		49.67
(1,262)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 1.6
(4.1) 		1.0
(2.5) 		0.6
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.6
(1.5) 		3.9
(9.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.4 9.4 10.2 9.7 9.7 10.8 12.0 11.1 8.0 7.1 8.5 10.0 116.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 2.6
Average relative humidity (%) 65.8 62.6 62.1 60.7 68.5 70.5 74.0 75.6 75.8 70.9 68.2 67.7 68.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 176.6 182.7 236.2 264.7 269.2 270.8 267.8 253.9 229.2 235.2 184.3 169.4 2,740
Percentage possible sunshine 56 60 64 68 62 62 61 61 62 67 59 55 62
Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1962–1990, sun 1961–1990)[30][31][32]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18501,305—
18601,51816.3%
18702,75781.6%
18806,160123.4%
18908,60739.7%
190011,86037.8%
191015,74132.7%
192023,12746.9%
193029,15426.1%
194034,73419.1%
195058,16167.4%
196066,18813.8%
197061,208−7.5%
198058,242−4.8%
199058,2820.1%
200056,002−3.9%
201058,4094.3%
202070,72021.1%
2024 (est.)74,371[33]5.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[34]
2020[35][5]

Greenville is the largest principal city of the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area that covers Greenville, Laurens, Anderson and Pickens counties and had an estimated population of 975,480 in 2023.[36][6]

The U.S. Census Bureau’s Vintage 2024 estimates report that the Greenville–Anderson–Greer Metropolitan Statistical Area grew from 979,608 residents on July 1, 2023 to 996,680 on July 1, 2024—an annual increase of 17,072 (+1.7%) and +7.4% since 2020.[37]

Since South Carolina law makes annexing the suburban areas illegal, Greenville's city proper population is small as a proportion of the total population of the urbanized area.

Racial and ethnic composition

Greenville racial breakdown of population[38]
Racial composition 2000 2010
White 62.1% 64.0%
Black 34.0% 30.0%
Asian 1.3% 1.4%
Native American 0.14% 0.3%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander		 0.06% 0.1%
Two or more races 1.1% 1.8%
Other 1.3% 2.4%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 70,720 people, 32,842 households, and 15,431 families residing in the city.[39]

The median age was 34.3 years; 18.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 14.7% were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 92.2 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.7 males age 18 and over.[39]

Of the 32,842 households, 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 32.9% were married-couple households, 24.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 36.2% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 42.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[39]

There were 37,323 housing units, of which 12.0% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.7%.[39]

100.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.0% lived in rural areas.[40]

Racial composition as of the 2020 census[41]
Race Number Percent
White 46,520 65.8%
Black or African American 16,164 22.9%
American Indian and Alaska Native 169 0.2%
Asian 1,544 2.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 89 0.1%
Some other race 2,306 3.3%
Two or more races 3,928 5.6%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 4,928 7.0%

2010 census

At the 2010 census,[42] there were 58,409 people, 24,382 households, and 12,581 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,148.0 inhabitants per square mile (829.3/km2). There were 27,295 housing units at an average density of 1,046.9 per square mile (404.2/km2). The racial composition of the city was 62.12% White, 31.54% Black or African American, 3.44% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 1.27% Asian, 0.14% Native American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.37% of other races, and 1.11% of Two or more races.

There were 29,418 households, out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.7% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 20.0% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,144, and the median income for a family was $44,125. Males had a median income of $35,111 versus $25,339 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,242. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Greenville's economy through the late 1800s to the late 1900s was based largely on its textile manufacturing, with up to 19 mills[c] at one point, and because of that, the city was known as "The Textile Capital of the World" for that period.[44][45] In the last few decades, favorable wages and tax benefits have lured foreign companies to invest heavily in the area. The city is the North American headquarters for Michelin, Synnex, United Community Bank, AVX Corporation, Sage Automotive Interiors, NCEES, Ameco, Southern Tide, Confluence Outdoor, JTEKT, Cleva North America, Spinx, Current Lighting Solutions, Prisma Health, and Scansource. In 2003, the International Center for Automotive Research was created, establishing CUICAR as the new model for automotive research. The Center for Emerging Technologies in mobility and energy was opened in 2011, hosting a number of companies in leading edge R&D and the headquarters for Sage Automotive.

When the former Donaldson Air Force Base closed in 1963, the land became the South Carolina Technology and Aviation Center (SCTAC). SCTAC is the global home of Lockheed Martin F-16. Michelin, 3M, PhoenixEV and Stevens Aerospace have major operations at the park as well. In addition, SCTAC is the home of South Carolina's world-class EV test track, the International Transportation and Innovation Center (ITIC), as well as the South Carolina Army National Guard Aviation Support Facility.[46]

Arts and culture

As the largest city in the Upstate, Greenville offers many activities and attractions. Greenville's theaters and event venues regularly host major concerts and touring theater companies. Four independent theaters present several plays a year. The New York Times included Greenville among 52 places in the world to visit in 2023, highlighting the city's wide variety of restaurants.[47]

The Bon Secours Wellness Arena brings national tours of many popular bands to downtown, and the Peace Center for the Performing Arts provides a venue for orchestras and Broadway shows. A planned multimillion-dollar renovation to the center's main concert hall lobby and riverside amphitheatre began in the spring of 2011.

Event venues

Landmarks

Festivals

Visual art

A number of local artists operate studios and galleries in the city, especially the Village of West Greenville near downtown. The Metropolitan Arts Council provides a number of public events that focus on the visual arts, including the First Fridays Gallery Crawl and Greenville Open Studios.[86][87][88] Greenville has some notable fine arts museums:

Music

Greenville's music scene is home to local, regional, and national bands performing music in the various genres. The city is home to the Greenville Symphony Orchestra, Greenville County Youth Orchestra, Carolina Youth Symphony, the Carolina Pops Orchestra, and the Greenville Concert Band.[91] Greenville Light Opera Works (GLOW Lyric Theatre) is a professional lyric theatre in Greenville that produces Musical Theatre, Operetta and Opera.

Local a cappella singing groups include the women's Vocal Matrix Chorus (formerly Greenville in Harmony)[92] and the men's Palmetto Statesmen chorus.[93] Additional choral groups include the Greenville Chorale[94] and the Greenville Gay Men's Chorus.[95]

Greenville is also home to the Sigal Music Museum, formerly known as the Carolina Music Museum. In the 1930s the building was a Coca-Cola bottling company.[96]

Literary arts

Two literary non-profit groups are located in Greenville: The Emrys Foundation, founded in 1983[97] and Wits End Poetry, founded in 2002.[98][99]

Sports

The National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) sports conference is headquartered in Greenville, as are various minor league and university sports teams.

Minor League sports teams:

Bob Jones University

Furman University

North Greenville University

Greenville-Pickens Speedway

Greenville‑Pickens Speedway is a historic half‑mile (0.5 mi/0.805 km) paved oval short track located in Easley, South Carolina, just off Calhoun Memorial Highway. Originally constructed in 1940 as a dirt track and briefly closed during World War II, it reopened on July 4, 1946, hosting both stock car and horse races.[103] The venue was purchased by Tom and Pete Blackwell in 1955, who converted it to asphalt in 1970 and guided the speedway’s golden era, which included NASCAR Grand National (now Cup Series) events from 1955–1956 and 1958–1971.[104] It earned a place in motorsport history by hosting NASCAR's first televised flag‑to‑flag race—the 1971 Greenville 200 aired live on ABC’s Wide World of Sports.[105] Despite its heritage, racing last ran in 2022 before the property was listed for sale, with plans announced in 2024 to redevelop surrounding acreage into a 600‑acre industrial park named "Speedway Business & Technology Park".

Government

The city of Greenville adopted the Council-Manager form of municipal government in 1976.[42] The Greenville City Council consists of the mayor and six council members. The mayor and two council members are elected at-large while the remaining council members are chosen from single-member districts. Greenville Municipal Court handles criminal misdemeanor violations, traffic violations, and city ordinance violations.[106] As of 2024, the city's mayor is Knox H. White, who has been in that position since December 1995.[107]

Greenville's City Hall has had multiple locations since the first in 1879, including the Old Greenville City Hall, which served in that capacity from 1938 to 1973.[108][26] In March 2023, the city announced plans to sell its current building and move City Hall to the Bowater Building along the Reedy River in Falls Park.[109][110]

The Greenville Police Force was established in 1845. By 1876 it became the Greenville Police Department. In 1976 the department moved into the Greenville County Law Enforcement Center with the Greenville County Sheriff's Department. The Greenville Police Department serves Greenville with around 241 employees with 199 sworn officers.[111]

Districts 22–25 of the South Carolina House of Representatives cover portions of Greenville, as do state senate districts 6–8. The city is within South Carolina's 4th congressional district, represented by William Timmons since 2019.

Education

Primary and secondary

The Greenville County School District includes all of the Greenville city limits.[112] The district is the largest school district in the state of South Carolina and is ranked as the 44th largest district in the United States, with 19 high schools, 24 middle schools, and 52 elementary schools.[113] The district's 2018–2023 strategic plan noted it had 10,000 employees, including 6,000 teachers with an average of 12.8 years of experience.[114] In addition to traditional public schools, Greenville's downtown area is home to the South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts & Humanities, a boarding school for young artists.

In addition to public schools, Greenville County has a number of private and religious schools, including St Mary's Catholic School (founded in 1900), Camperdown Academy (for students with learning disabilities),[115] Hidden Treasure Christian School (a school for students with physical and/or mental disabilities), Christ Church Episcopal School (a college-preparatory Episcopalian school with an American school outside of Germany certified by the Bavarian Ministry of Education),[116] Shannon Forest Christian School (an evangelical Christian school),[117] Saint Joseph's Catholic School, Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic School, St. Anthony's Catholic School, Southside Christian School (established in 1967 by Southside Baptist Church), Hampton Park Christian School,[118] Bob Jones Academy and Elementary School, Carolina Film Institute (a film school founded in 2008), Green Charter (originally one of the Gülen movement schools), and Greenville Classical Academy (a classical Christian school established in 2004).[119]

Greenville has numerous public charter schools that are free to state residents.[120][121]

Colleges and universities

Greenville has several colleges and universities located within the city limits: Bob Jones University, Greenville Technical College, and an ECPI University campus.[122] Additionally Furman University and North Greenville University are located in the greater Greenville area. Furman began as Furman Academy and Theological Institution in 1825 named after Richard Furman. The theological school of Furman broke away in 1858 and became Southern Baptist Theological Seminary now in Louisville, Kentucky.[123] North Greenville University was established in 1893 and is affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention.[124] Bob Jones University was established in 1927 by Bob Jones Sr. as a private non-denominational Protestant university.[125] Greenville Technical College was established in 1962 as a technical college. The Evangelical Institute was founded in 1967 just north of the city at Paris Mountain.[126]

Clemson University's Main campus is located 30 miles (48 km) away, however, the university has several programs physically located in Downtown Greenville, as well as a specialty campus in Greenville called Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research that focuses on automotive research.[127]

The University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville is a four-year medical school operating on a Prisma Health campus.[128]

The University Center of Greenville, located in the former shopping mall McAlister Square, offers over 70 undergraduate, graduate, and certificate programs from 9 South Carolina universities. The schools that offer degrees in the center are: Anderson University, Bob Jones University, Clemson University, Converse College, Furman University, Greenville Technical College, Lander University, South Carolina State, and University of South Carolina.[129]

Media

Radio

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Arbitron Metro which is the nation's 59th largest radio market with a person 12+ population of 813,700. The box below lists the local radio stations:

Television

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville DMA, which is the nation's 36th largest television market. See the box below for the local television stations:

Infrastructure

Transportation

Greenville is located on the I-85 corridor, approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte. I-85 runs along the city's southeast edge and is connected to downtown Greenville by two spur routes: I-185, which also forms a southern beltway; and I-385, which continues southeast to a junction with I-26. Other major highways include US 123, US 25, US 29 and US 276.

There are several airports servicing the Greenville area. The largest is Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport, which is the third-busiest airport in South Carolina, after Charleston International Airport, and Myrtle Beach International Airport with over 2.56 million passengers in 2023.[133]

SCTAC (formerly Donaldson Air Base) has undergone significant modernization and is the site of multiple industries, as well as the International Transportation and Innovation Center, and the South Carolina Army National Guard Aviation Support Facility. Greenville serves as a freight hub for FedEx Express. The Greenville Downtown Airport, is the busiest general aviation airport in South Carolina with nearly 80,000 take-offs and landings annually and more than 198 based aircraft in 2022.[134]

Public transit in Greenville is handled by the Greenville Transit Authority, which contracted out operations to the City Of Greenville in 2008 under a tri-party agreement with Greenville County. The city rebranded the service with the name Greenlink. Greenlink runs a bus system that serves the Greenville area, much of Greenville County including Mauldin and Simpsonville, and a portion of Pickens County via a connector to Clemson. Greenlink has a 10-year transit plan that aims to cover the entire county with 15 new buses and double the frequency of routes by 2030.[135]

Greenville's train station is served by Amtrak's Crescent train, connecting Greenville with the cities of New York; Philadelphia; Baltimore; Washington, D.C.; Raleigh; Charlotte; Atlanta; Birmingham; and New Orleans. Additionally, Greenville is included in the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, which is proposed to run from Washington, D.C. to Jacksonville.[136] Freight railroad service is provided by CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, and the Carolina Piedmont Railroad. The abandoned former Greenville & Northern Railway line to Travelers Rest has been converted into a hiking and biking trail called the Swamp Rabbit Trail.

Health systems

Greenville has two main health systems, Bon Secours and Prisma Health.

Bon Secours St. Francis Health System includes St. Francis Downtown; St. Francis Eastside; and St. Francis Outpatient Center and Upstate Surgery Center.

Prisma Health is a not-for-profit health organization that includes seven campuses in the Upstate area: Greenville Memorial Medical Center, North Greenville Long Term Acute Care Hospital and ER, Hillcrest Hospital, Patewood Memorial Hospital, Greer Memorial Hospital, Laurens County Memorial Hospital, and Oconee Memorial Hospital. It is one of the largest employers in the region.[137] It hosts the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, a full four-year branch of the medical school in Columbia, South Carolina.

The Greenville Memorial Hospital was formerly operated by the municipal government, with Greenville Health System being the operating authority.[138] In 2016, Prisma Health began leasing the hospital and directly operating it.[139] The GHA is the portion of the Greenville Health System that still existed after the hospital transitioned into being operated by Prisma.[138] The Greenville Health Authority (GHA) is the owner of the hospital facilities operated by Prisma. Members of the South Carolina Legislature select a majority of the seats of the board of directors of the GHA.[140]

Greenville's Shriners Hospital for Children treats pediatric orthopedic patients exclusively, free of charge.

Notable people

Sister cities

Greenville is twinned with:[192]

See also

Notes

  1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. Official records for Greenville kept April 1884 to 10 December 1941 at downtown, 11 December 1941 to 14 October 1962 at Greenville Downtown Airport, and at Greenville–Spartanburg Int'l near Greer since 15 October 1962. For more information, see Threadex
  3. Those 18 mills being American Spinning Company Mill No. 2, Poe Textile Mill, Union Bleachery Mill, Riverdale Mill, Monaghan Mill, Southern Weaving Mill, Woodside Mill, Carolina/Poinsett Mill, Piedmont Plush Mill, Brandon Mill, KM Fabrics Mill, Westervelt/Judson Mill, Dunean Mill, Franklin Mill, Mills Mill, McGee/Beaver Duck Mill, Camperdown Mill, Vardry Mill, and Huguenot Mill.[43]

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Greenville, South Carolina. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Greenville (South Carolina). Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Greenville, South Carolina". Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article about "Greenville, South Carolina".