The governor of California is the head of government of California, whose responsibilities include making annual State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The current governor is Gavin Newsom, who has been in office since 2019. 39 people have served as governor, over 40 distinct terms. Many have been influential nationwide in areas far-flung from state politics. Leland Stanford founded Stanford University in 1891. Earl Warren, later chief justice of the United States, won an election with the nominations of the three major parties – the only person to run essentially unopposed for governor of California. Ronald Reagan, who was president of the Screen Actors Guild and later president of the United States, and Arnold Schwarzenegger both came to prominence through acting. Gray Davis, the 37th governor of California, was the second governor in American history to be recalled by voters. The shortest tenure was that of Milton Latham, who served only five days before being elected to fill a vacant United States Senate seat. The longest tenure is that of Jerry Brown, who served as governor from 1975 to 1983 and again from 2011 to 2019, the only governor to serve non-consecutive terms. He is the son of former governor Pat Brown who served from 1959 to 1967.

List of governors

California was obtained by the United States in the Mexican Cession following the Mexican–American War. Unlike most other states, it was never organized as a territory and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The original California Constitution of 1849 called for elections every two years, with no set start date for the term. An amendment ratified in 1862 increased the term to four years.[1] The 1879 constitution set the term to begin on the first Monday after January 1, following an election.[a] In 1990, Proposition 140 led to a constitutional amendment[2] implementing a term limit of two terms.[3]

Prior to this limit, only one governor, Earl Warren, served more than two terms. Jerry Brown was elected to a third term in 2010, and then to a fourth and final term in 2014, because his previous terms were before the term limit was enacted. The 1849 constitution created the office of lieutenant governor, who, in cases of vacancy in the office of governor, becomes governor.[4] The governor and the lieutenant governor are not formally elected on the same ticket.

Governors of the State of California
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[b]
1   Peter Hardeman Burnett
(1807–1895)
[5][6][7] 		December 20, 1849[8][c]
–
January 9, 1851
(resigned)[d] 		Nonpartisan[e] 1849   John McDougal
2 John McDougal
(1818–1866)
[10][11][12] 		January 9, 1851[13]
–
January 8, 1852
(did not run) 		Nonpartisan[f] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		David C. Broderick[g]
(acting)
3 John Bigler
(1805–1871)
[14][15][16] 		January 8, 1852[17]
–
January 9, 1856
(lost election) 		Democratic[18] 1851 Samuel Purdy
1853
4 J. Neely Johnson
(1825–1872)
[19][20][21] 		January 9, 1856[22]
–
January 8, 1858
(did not run) 		American[23] 1855 Robert M. Anderson
5 John B. Weller
(1812–1875)
[24][25][26] 		January 8, 1858[27]
–
January 9, 1860
(did not run) 		Democratic[23] 1857 Joseph Walkup
6 Milton S. Latham
(1827–1882)
[28][29][30] 		January 9, 1860[31]
–
January 14, 1860
(resigned)[h] 		Lecompton
Democratic[23] 		1859 John G. Downey
7 John G. Downey
(1827–1894)
[32][33][34] 		January 14, 1860[35]
–
January 10, 1862
(did not run) 		Lecompton
Democratic[36] 		Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Isaac N. Quinn
(acting)
(term ended January 7, 1861)
Pablo de la Guerra
(acting)
8 Leland Stanford
(1824–1893)
[37][38][39] 		January 10, 1862[40]
–
December 10, 1863
(did not run)[i] 		Republican[36] 1861 John F. Chellis
9 Frederick Low
(1828–1894)
[42][43][44] 		December 10, 1863[45]
–
December 5, 1867
(did not run) 		Union[36] 1863[j] Tim N. Machin
10 Henry Huntly Haight
(1825–1878)
[46][47][48] 		December 5, 1867[49]
–
December 8, 1871
(lost election) 		Democratic[36] 1867 William Holden
11 Newton Booth
(1825–1892)
[50][51][52] 		December 8, 1871[53]
–
February 27, 1875
(resigned)[k] 		Republican[36] 1871 Romualdo Pacheco
12 Romualdo Pacheco
(1831–1899)
[54][55][56] 		February 27, 1875[57]
–
December 9, 1875
(did not run) 		Republican[36] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		William Irwin[g]
(acting)
13 William Irwin
(1827–1886)
[58][59][60] 		December 9, 1875[61]
–
January 8, 1880
(did not run) 		Democratic[36] 1875 James A. Johnson
14 George C. Perkins
(1839–1923)
[62][63][64] 		January 8, 1880[65]
–
January 10, 1883
(did not run) 		Republican[36] 1879 John Mansfield
15 George Stoneman
(1822–1894)
[66][67][68] 		January 10, 1883[69]
–
January 8, 1887
(did not run)[70] 		Democratic[36] 1882 John Daggett
16 Washington Bartlett
(1824–1887)
[71][72][73] 		January 8, 1887[74]
–
September 12, 1887
(died in office) 		Democratic[36] 1886 Robert Waterman[l]
17 Robert Waterman
(1826–1891)
[75][76][77] 		September 12, 1887[78]
–
January 8, 1891
(did not run) 		Republican[36] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Stephen M. White[g]
(acting)
18 Henry Markham
(1840–1923)
[79][80][81] 		January 8, 1891[82]
–
January 11, 1895
(did not run) 		Republican[36] 1890 John B. Reddick
19 James Budd
(1851–1908)
[83][84][85] 		January 11, 1895[86]
–
January 4, 1899
(did not run)[83] 		Democratic[36] 1894 Spencer G. Millard[l]
(died October 24, 1895)
Vacant
William T. Jeter
(appointed October 26, 1895)
20 Henry T. Gage
(1852–1924)
[87][88][89] 		January 4, 1899[90]
–
January 7, 1903
(lost nomination)[87] 		Republican[36] 1898 Jacob H. Neff
21 George Pardee
(1857–1941)
[91][92][93] 		January 7, 1903[94]
–
January 9, 1907
(lost nomination)[91] 		Republican[36] 1902 Alden Anderson
22 James Gillett
(1860–1937)
[95][96][97] 		January 9, 1907[98]
–
January 3, 1911
(did not run)[95] 		Republican[36] 1906 Warren R. Porter
23 Hiram Johnson
(1866–1945)
[99][100][101] 		January 3, 1911[102]
–
March 15, 1917
(resigned)[m] 		Republican[36] 1910 Albert Joseph Wallace
Progressive[36] 1914 John M. Eshleman
(died February 28, 1916)
Vacant
William Stephens[l]
(took office July 22, 1916)
24 William Stephens
(1859–1944)
[103][104][105] 		March 15, 1917[106]
–
January 9, 1923
(lost nomination)[103] 		Republican[36] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
1918 C. C. Young
25 Friend Richardson
(1865–1943)
[107][108][109] 		January 9, 1923[110]
–
January 4, 1927
(lost nomination)[111] 		Republican[36] 1922
26 C. C. Young
(1869–1947)
[112][113][114] 		January 4, 1927[115]
–
January 6, 1931
(lost nomination)[116] 		Republican[36] 1926 Buron Fitts
(resigned November 30, 1928)
Vacant
Herschel L. Carnahan
(appointed December 4, 1928)
27 James Rolph
(1869–1934)
[117][118][119] 		January 6, 1931[120]
–
June 2, 1934
(died in office) 		Republican[36] 1930 Frank Merriam
28 Frank Merriam
(1865–1955)
[121][122][123] 		June 2, 1934[124]
–
January 2, 1939
(lost election) 		Republican[36] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Vacant
1934 George J. Hatfield
29 Culbert Olson
(1876–1962)
[125][126][127] 		January 2, 1939[128]
–
January 4, 1943
(lost election) 		Democratic[36] 1938 Ellis E. Patterson
30 Earl Warren
(1891–1974)
[129][130][131] 		January 4, 1943[132]
–
October 4, 1953
(resigned)[n] 		Republican[o] 1942 Frederick F. Houser
1946 Goodwin Knight
1950
31 Goodwin Knight
(1896–1970)
[135][136][137] 		October 5, 1953[138]
–
January 5, 1959
(did not run)[p] 		Republican[36] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor 		Harold J. Powers
1954
32 Pat Brown
(1905–1996)
[139][140][141] 		January 5, 1959[142]
–
January 2, 1967
(lost election) 		Democratic[36] 1958 Glenn M. Anderson
1962
33 Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)
[143][144][145] 		January 2, 1967[146]
–
January 6, 1975
(did not run)[143] 		Republican[36] 1966 Robert Finch
(resigned January 8, 1969)
Edwin Reinecke
(resigned October 2, 1974)
1970
John L. Harmer
34 Jerry Brown
(b. 1938)
[147][148][149] 		January 6, 1975[150]
–
January 3, 1983
(did not run) 		Democratic[36] 1974 Mervyn M. Dymally
1978 Michael Curb[l]
35 George Deukmejian
(1928–2018)
[151][152] 		January 3, 1983[153]
–
January 7, 1991
(did not run) 		Republican[152] 1982 Leo T. McCarthy[g]
1986
36 Pete Wilson
(b. 1933)
[154][155] 		January 7, 1991[156]
–
January 4, 1999
(term-limited)[q] 		Republican[155] 1990
1994 Gray Davis[g]
37 Gray Davis
(b. 1942)
[158][159] 		January 4, 1999[160]
–
November 17, 2003
(recalled)[r] 		Democratic[159] 1998 Cruz Bustamante[g]
2002
38 Arnold Schwarzenegger
(b. 1947)
[162][161] 		November 17, 2003[163]
–
January 3, 2011
(term-limited)[q] 		Republican[161] 2003
(recall)[r]
2006 John Garamendi[g]
(resigned November 3, 2009)
Mona Pasquil[g]
(acting)
Abel Maldonado[l][s]
(appointed April 27, 2010)
39 Jerry Brown
(b. 1938)
[148][164] 		January 3, 2011[165]
–
January 7, 2019
(term-limited)[q] 		Democratic[164] 2010
Gavin Newsom[s]
(took office January 10, 2011)
2014
40 Gavin Newsom
(b. 1967)
[167][168] 		January 7, 2019[169]
–
Incumbent[t] 		Democratic[168] 2018 Eleni Kounalakis
2021
(recall)[u]
2022

See also

Notes

  1. The rule of the term beginning on the first Monday after January 1 does not seem to have been followed until 1939; all terms between 1880 and 1931, except for 1923, began on the "wrong" day, often just one or two days off. This is well sourced, and it is unknown why the terms did not match the constitution, or why they began to match the constitution in 1939.
  2. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. A civilian government was formed in late 1849 prior to official statehood, and operated as the state government for ten months before official statehood was granted.[6]
  4. Burnett abruptly resigned after his first annual address was criticized by the legislature.[6]
  5. The 1849 election was non-partisan;[5][9] sources say Burnett was an Independent Democrat.[7]
  6. The 1849 election was non-partisan;[5][9] sources say McDougal was an Independent Democrat.[12]
  7. Represented the Democratic Party
  8. Latham resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[29]
  9. Stanford withdrew after losing the early primaries of the Union/Republican nomination.[41]
  10. First term under an 1862 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.[1]
  11. Booth resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[51]
  12. Represented the Republican Party
  13. Johnson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[100]
  14. Warren resigned, having been appointed Chief Justice of the United States.[130] His resignation letter specified he would leave office at "12 o'clock midnight, Sunday, Oct 4, 1953".[133]
  15. Warren ran as a Republican for his first and third terms. For his second term, he won the nomination of the Republican, Democratic, and Progressive parties.[134]
  16. Knight instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.[135]
  17. Under a 1990 amendment to the constitution, governors may not serve more than two terms.[157]
  18. Davis was recalled and Schwarzenegger elected to replace him in a special election.[161]
  19. Newsom delayed his swearing in as lieutenant governor until January 10, 2011, to remain mayor of San Francisco; Maldonado stayed on as lieutenant governor until then.[166]
  20. Newsom's second term began on January 6, 2023,[170] and will expire on January 4, 2027; he will be term-limited.
  21. Newsom survived a recall election.[171]

References

General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. Henning, W.F. (1899). Constitution of the State of California. C.W. Palm Company.
  2. "California Ballot Propositions 1990-1999". Los Angeles County Law Library. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010.
  3. CA Const. art. V, § 2
  4. CA Const. art. V, § 10
  5. Sobel 1978, p. 101.
  6. "Peter Hardeman Burnett". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  7. "Peter Burnett". California State Library.
  8. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 1849–1850 sess., 20, accessed August 1, 2023
  9. Kallenbach 1977, p. 75.
  10. Sobel 1978, pp. 101–102.
  11. "John McDougal". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  12. "John McDougal". California State Library.
  13. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Senate. 1851 sess., 43–47, accessed August 1, 2023
  14. Sobel 1978, pp. 102–103.
  15. "John Bigler". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  16. "John Bigler". California State Library.
  17. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1852 sess., 27, accessed August 1, 2023
  18. Dubin 2003, p. 13.
  19. Sobel 1978, p. 103.
  20. "John Neely Johnson". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  21. "J. Neely Johnson". California State Library.
  22. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1856 sess., 82, accessed August 1, 2023
  23. Dubin 2003, p. 14.
  24. Sobel 1978, pp. 103–104.
  25. "John B. Weller". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  26. "John Weller". California State Library.
  27. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1858 sess., 71, accessed August 1, 2023
  28. Sobel 1978, pp. 104–105.
  29. "Milton Slocum Latham". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  30. "Milton Latham". California State Library.
  31. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1860 sess., 106, accessed August 1, 2023
  32. Sobel 1978, p. 105.
  33. "John G. Downey". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  34. "John Downey". California State Library.
  35. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1860 sess., 153, accessed August 1, 2023
  36. Kallenbach 1977, pp. 69–70.
  37. Sobel 1978, p. 106.
  38. "Amasa Leland Stanford". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  39. "Leland Stanford". California State Library.
  40. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1862 sess., 97–98, accessed August 1, 2023
  41. "Republican Abolition State Ticket". The Placer Herald. June 20, 1863. p. 2.
  42. Sobel 1978, p. 107.
  43. "Frederick Ferdinand Low". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  44. "Frederick Low". California State Library.
  45. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1863–1864 sess., 93, accessed August 1, 2023
  46. Sobel 1978, pp. 107–108.
  47. "Henry Huntly Haight". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
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  49. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1867–1868 sess., 91, accessed August 1, 2023
  50. Sobel 1978, p. 108.
  51. "Newton Booth". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  52. "Newton Booth". California State Library.
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  55. "Romualdo Pacheco". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  56. "Romualdo Pacheco". California State Library.
  57. "Our New Governor". San Francisco Chronicle. February 28, 1875. p. 8.
  58. Sobel 1978, pp. 109–110.
  59. "William Irwin". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  60. "William Irwin". California State Library.
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  62. Sobel 1978, pp. 110–111.
  63. "George Clement Perkins". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  64. "George Perkins". California State Library.
  65. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1880 sess., 31, accessed August 1, 2023
  66. Sobel 1978, pp. 111–112.
  67. "George Stoneman". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  68. "George Stoneman". California State Library.
  69. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1883 sess., 15, accessed August 1, 2023
  70. "The Convention". The San Francisco Examiner. August 31, 1886. p. 1.
  71. Sobel 1978, p. 112.
  72. "Washington Bartlett". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  73. "Washington Bartlett". California State Library.
  74. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1887 sess., 39, accessed August 1, 2023
  75. Sobel 1978, p. 113.
  76. "Robert Whitney Waterman". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  77. "Robert Waterman". California State Library.
  78. "Pain Is Over". Oakland Tribune. September 13, 1887. p. 3.
  79. Sobel 1978, pp. 113–114.
  80. "Henry Harrison Markham". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  81. "Henry Harrison Markham". California State Library.
  82. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1891 sess., 44, accessed August 1, 2023
  83. Sobel 1978, pp. 114–115.
  84. "James Herbert Budd". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  85. "James Budd". California State Library.
  86. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1895 sess., 32, accessed August 1, 2023
  87. Sobel 1978, p. 115.
  88. "Henry Tifft Gage". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  89. "Henry Gage". California State Library.
  90. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1899 sess., 45, accessed August 1, 2023
  91. Sobel 1978, p. 116.
  92. "George Cooper Pardee". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  93. "George Pardee". California State Library.
  94. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1903 sess., 69, accessed August 1, 2023
  95. Sobel 1978, p. 117.
  96. "James Norris Gillett". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  97. "James Gillett". California State Library.
  98. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1907 sess., 34, accessed August 1, 2023
  99. Sobel 1978, p. 118.
  100. "Hiram Warren Johnson". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  101. "Hiram Johnson". California State Library.
  102. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1911 sess., 53, accessed August 1, 2023
  103. Sobel 1978, p. 119.
  104. "William Dennison Stephens". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  105. "William Stephens". California State Library.
  106. "Governor Quits Job To Become U.S. Senator". Record Searchlight. March 15, 1917. p. 1.
  107. Sobel 1978, p. 120.
  108. "Friend William Richardson". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  109. "Friend Richardson". California State Library.
  110. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1923 sess., 97, accessed August 1, 2023
  111. "Young Wins Republican Nomination". Mendocino Coast Beacon. September 11, 1926. p. 1.
  112. Sobel 1978, pp. 120–121.
  113. "Clement Calhoun Young". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  114. "C. C. Young". California State Library.
  115. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1927 sess., 60, accessed August 1, 2023
  116. "Rolph Nominated for Governor by Margin of 24,000". The Fresno Bee. August 28, 1930. p. 1.
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  118. "James Rolph". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
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  124. "F.F. Merriam Assumes Post of Governor". Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. June 2, 1934. p. 1.
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  131. "Earl Warren". California State Library.
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  133. "Warren Resigns as Governor in 32 Words". Evening Vanguard. Associated Press. October 5, 1953. p. 7.
  134. "Biography of Earl Warren". Earl Warren College.
  135. Sobel 1978, pp. 124–125.
  136. "Goodwin Jess Knight". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  137. "Goodwin Knight". California State Library.
  138. Phillips, Herbert L. (October 5, 1953). "Knight Takes Oath As Governor; Warren Becomes Chief Justice". The Sacramento Bee. p. 1.
  139. Sobel 1978, pp. 125–126.
  140. "Edmund Gerald Brown". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  141. "Edmund G. "Pat" Brown". California State Library.
  142. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1959 sess., 18, accessed August 1, 2023
  143. Sobel 1978, p. 126.
  144. "Ronald Wilson Reagan". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  145. "Ronald Reagan". California State Library.
  146. Salzman, Ed (January 2, 1967). "Reagan Takes Midnight Oath". Oakland Tribune. p. 1.
  147. Sobel 1978, p. 127.
  148. "Edmund G. Brown Jr". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  149. "Edmond G. "Jerry" Brown". California State Library.
  150. Calif. State Legislature. Journal of the Assembly. 1975 sess., 192, accessed August 1, 2023
  151. "George Deukmejian". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  152. "George Deukmejian". California State Library.
  153. Shuit, Douglas (January 3, 1983). "Deukmejian Takes Oath As Governor". The Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
  154. "Pete Wilson". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  155. "Pete Wilson". California State Library.
  156. Skelton, George (January 8, 1991). "Government Must Renew Credibility, Wilson Declares". The Los Angeles Times. p. A1.
  157. "Calif. Const. art. V, § 2". Justia Law.
  158. "Gray Davis". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  159. "Gray Davis". California State Library.
  160. Lesher, Dave (January 5, 1999). "Davis Sworn In, Pledges 'Common Sense' Approach". The Los Angeles Times. p. A1.
  161. "Arnold Schwarzenegger". California State Library.
  162. "Arnold Schwarzenegger". National Governors Association. January 3, 2011.
  163. Nicholas, Peter; Mathews, Joe (November 18, 2003). "Schwarzenegger Sworn In, Rescinds Car Tax Increase". The Los Angeles Times. p. A1.
  164. "Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown". California State Library.
  165. Siders, David (January 4, 2011). "Governor Seens a Year of Courage, Sacrifice". The Sacramento Bee. p. A1.
  166. Upton, John (January 7, 2011). "Newsom's Dual Role Raises Legal Quandary". The Bay Citizen.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  167. "Gavin Newsom". National Governors Association.
  168. "Gavin Newsom". California State Library.
  169. Willon, Phil; Luna, Taryn; Mason, Melanie (January 8, 2019). "'We'll Be There for Each Other'". The Los Angeles Times. p. A1.
  170. Luna, Taryn; Wiley, Hannah; Rosenhall, Laurel (January 6, 2023). "Newsom begins second term on anniversary of Jan. 6, casting California as a contrast". Los Angeles Times.
  171. Ronayne, Kathleen; Blood, Michael R. (September 15, 2021). "California Gov. Gavin Newsom beats back GOP-led recall". Associated Press News.
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