The Cabinet of the United States, which is the principal advisory body to the President of the United States, has had 72 female members altogether, with eight of them serving in multiple positions for a total of 80 cabinet appointments. Of that number, 43 different women held a total of 46 permanent cabinet posts, having served as the Vice President or heads of the federal executive departments; 34 more women held cabinet-level positions, which can differ under each president; and five officeholders served in both cabinet and cabinet-rank roles. No woman held a presidential cabinet position before the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, which prohibits the federal government or any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of sex.[1]

Frances Perkins became the first woman to serve in a president's cabinet when she was appointed Secretary of Labor by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933.[2] Patricia Roberts Harris was the first African-American woman and the first woman of color to serve in a presidential cabinet when she was named Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by President Jimmy Carter in 1977.[3] Two years later, Carter tapped her for Secretary of Health and Human Services,[a] therefore making her the first woman to hold two different cabinet positions.[3] Madeleine Albright, who was born in Czechoslovakia, became the first foreign-born woman to serve in a president's cabinet when she was picked by President Bill Clinton for United States Ambassador to the United Nations, a cabinet-rank position, in 1993. She was elevated to Secretary of State four years later, during Clinton's second term, thus making her, at the time, the highest-ranking woman in the history of the federal government.[4][b]

On January 26, 2005, Condoleezza Rice assumed the post of Secretary of State under President George W. Bush, which made her the highest-ranked woman among cabinet secretaries to enter the presidential line of succession, standing fourth.[7][5] Nancy Pelosi surpassed Rice on January 4, 2007, when her election as the first female Speaker of the House put her second in line to the presidency.[8][5] Kamala Harris replaced Pelosi to become the highest-ranking woman ever to be in the line of succession upon being inaugurated as the first female Vice President on January 20, 2021, alongside President Joe Biden.[9][10]

President Joe Biden named the most women as secretaries to his first-term Cabinet, with five: former Federal Reserve chair Janet Yellen as Secretary of the Treasury; U.S. representative Deb Haaland (D-NM) as Secretary of the Interior; Rhode Island governor Gina Raimondo as Secretary of Commerce; U.S. representative Marcia Fudge (D-OH) as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; and Michigan governor Jennifer Granholm as Secretary of Energy, exceeding by one the record set by President Barack Obama.[11] However, including cabinet reshuffles during his second term in office, Obama still holds the record for most women appointed to permanent cabinet positions with eight, the most of any presidency. That record was equaled by President Donald Trump in his second administration.

The Department of Labor has had the most female secretaries, with eight.[12] The Department of Health and Human Services has had five; the Departments of Commerce and Education has had four; the Departments of Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, State, and Transportation have had three; the Departments of Agriculture and Energy have had two; and the Department of Treasury have had one.[12] The Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs are the only existing executive departments that do not have female secretaries yet.[13][14]

The totals for this list include only women presidential appointees confirmed (if necessary) by the U.S. Senate to cabinet or cabinet-level positions and taking their oath of office; they do not include acting officials or nominees awaiting confirmation.

Permanent cabinet members

The following list includes women who have held permanent cabinet positions, all of whom are in the line of succession to the presidency. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed according to the presidential order of succession.

 *  denotes the first female holder of that particular office
No. Portrait Name Office Succession[10] Term start Term end Party Administration(s) Ref.
1 Frances Perkins* Secretary of Labor —[c] March 4, 1933 June 30, 1945 Democratic Roosevelt [2]
Truman
2 Oveta Hobby* Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare[a] 12 April 11, 1953 July 31, 1955 Republican Eisenhower [16]
3 Carla Hills* Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 13 March 10, 1975 January 20, 1977 Ford [17]
4 Juanita M. Kreps* Secretary of Commerce 10 January 23, 1977 October 31, 1979 Democratic Carter [18]
5/6 Patricia Harris Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 13 January 23, 1977 September 10, 1979 [3]
Secretary of Health and Human Services[a] 12 August 3, 1979 January 20, 1981 [3]
7 Shirley Hufstedler* Secretary of Education 16 November 30, 1979 January 20, 1981 [19]
8 Elizabeth Dole* Secretary of Transportation 14 February 7, 1983 September 30, 1987 Republican Reagan [20]
9 Margaret Heckler Secretary of Health and Human Services 12 March 10, 1983 December 13, 1985 [21]
10 Ann McLaughlin Secretary of Labor 11 December 14, 1987 January 20, 1989 [22]
11 Elizabeth Dole Secretary of Labor 11 January 25, 1989 November 23, 1990 Bush Sr. [23]
12 Lynn Martin Secretary of Labor 11 February 7, 1991 January 20, 1993 [24]
13 Barbara Franklin Secretary of Commerce 10 February 27, 1992 January 20, 1993 [25]
14 Donna Shalala Secretary of Health and Human Services 12 January 22, 1993 January 20, 2001 Democratic Clinton [26]
15 Hazel R. O'Leary* Secretary of Energy 15 January 22, 1993 January 20, 1997 [27]
16 Janet Reno* Attorney General 7 March 12, 1993 January 20, 2001 [28]
17 Madeleine Albright* Secretary of State 4[b] January 23, 1997 January 20, 2001 [4]
18 Alexis Herman Secretary of Labor 11 May 1, 1997 January 20, 2001 [29]
19 Ann Veneman* Secretary of Agriculture 9 January 20, 2001 January 20, 2005 Republican Bush Jr. [30]
20 Elaine Chao Secretary of Labor 11[b] January 29, 2001 January 20, 2009 [31]
21 Gale Norton* Secretary of the Interior 8 January 31, 2001 March 31, 2006 [32]
22 Margaret Spellings Secretary of Education 16 January 20, 2005 January 20, 2009 [33]
23 Condoleezza Rice Secretary of State 4 January 26, 2005 January 20, 2009 [7]
24 Mary E. Peters Secretary of Transportation 14 October 17, 2006 January 20, 2009 [34]
25 Hillary Clinton Secretary of State 4 January 21, 2009 February 1, 2013 Democratic Obama [35]
26 Janet Napolitano* Secretary of Homeland Security 18 January 21, 2009 September 6, 2013 [36]
27 Hilda Solis Secretary of Labor 11 February 24, 2009 January 22, 2013 [37]
28 Kathleen Sebelius Secretary of Health and Human Services 12 April 28, 2009 June 9, 2014 [38]
29 Sally Jewell Secretary of the Interior 8[b] April 12, 2013 January 20, 2017 [39]
30 Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce 10 June 26, 2013 January 20, 2017 [40]
31 Sylvia Burwell Secretary of Health and Human Services 12 June 9, 2014 January 20, 2017 [41]
32 Loretta Lynch Attorney General 7 April 27, 2015 January 20, 2017 [42]
33 Elaine Chao Secretary of Transportation 14[b] January 31, 2017 January 11, 2021 Republican Trump I [43]
34 Betsy DeVos Secretary of Education 16 February 7, 2017 January 8, 2021 [44]
35 Kirstjen Nielsen Secretary of Homeland Security 18 December 6, 2017 April 10, 2019 [45]
36 Kamala Harris* Vice President 1 January 20, 2021 January 20, 2025 Democratic Biden [9]
37 Janet Yellen* Secretary of the Treasury 5 January 26, 2021 January 20, 2025 [46]
38 Jennifer Granholm Secretary of Energy 15[b] February 25, 2021 January 20, 2025 [47]
39 Gina Raimondo Secretary of Commerce 10 March 3, 2021 January 20, 2025 [48]
40 Marcia Fudge Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 13 March 10, 2021 March 22, 2024 [49]
41 Deb Haaland Secretary of the Interior 8 March 16, 2021 January 20, 2025 [50]
42 Kristi Noem Secretary of Homeland Security 18 January 25, 2025 Incumbent Republican Trump II [51]
43 Pam Bondi Attorney General 7 February 5, 2025 Incumbent [52]
44 Brooke Rollins Secretary of Agriculture 9 February 13, 2025 Incumbent [53]
45 Linda McMahon Secretary of Education 16 March 3, 2025 Incumbent [54]
46 Lori Chavez-DeRemer Secretary of Labor 11 March 11, 2025 Incumbent [55]

Former permanent cabinet members

Cabinet-level positions

The president may designate or remove additional officials as members of the cabinet. These positions have not always been in the cabinet, so some female officeholders may not be listed.

The following list includes women who have held cabinet-level positions, which can vary under each president. They are not in the line of succession and are not necessarily officers of the United States. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office while it was raised to cabinet-level status. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed alphabetically by last name.

 *  denotes the first female holder of that particular office
No. Portrait Name Office Term start Term end Party Administration(s) Ref.
1 Anne L. Armstrong* Counselor to the President January 19, 1973 December 18, 1974 Republican Nixon [61]
Ford
2 Jeane Kirkpatrick* United States Ambassador to the United Nations February 4, 1981 April 1, 1985 Reagan [62]
3 Carla Hills* United States Trade Representative February 6, 1989 January 20, 1993 Bush Sr. [63]
4 Carol Browner Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency January 23, 1993 January 20, 2001 Democratic Clinton [26]
5 Madeleine Albright United States Ambassador to the United Nations January 27, 1993 January 21, 1997 [4]
6 Laura Tyson* Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers February 5, 1993 February 21, 1995 [64]
7 Alice Rivlin* Director of the Office of Management and Budget October 17, 1994 April 26, 1996 [65]
8 Janet Yellen Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers February 18, 1997 August 3, 1999 [66]
9 Aida Álvarez Administrator of the Small Business Administration March 7, 1997 January 19, 2001 [66]
10 Charlene Barshefsky United States Trade Representative March 18, 1997 January 20, 2001 [67]
11 Christine Whitman Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency January 31, 2001 June 27, 2003 Republican Bush Jr. [32]
12 Susan Schwab United States Trade Representative June 8, 2006 January 20, 2009 [68]
13 Lisa P. Jackson Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency January 23, 2009 February 19, 2013 Democratic Obama [69]
14 Susan Rice United States Ambassador to the United Nations January 26, 2009 June 30, 2013 [70]
15 Christina Romer Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers January 28, 2009 September 3, 2010 [71]
16 Karen Mills Administrator of the Small Business Administration January 13, 2012[d] September 1, 2013 [72]
17 Sylvia Burwell Director of the Office of Management and Budget April 24, 2013 June 9, 2014 [73]
18 Gina McCarthy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency July 18, 2013 January 20, 2017 [74]
19 Samantha Power United States Ambassador to the United Nations August 5, 2013 January 20, 2017 [75]
20 Maria Contreras-Sweet Administrator of the Small Business Administration April 7, 2014 January 20, 2017 [76]
21 Nikki Haley United States Ambassador to the United Nations January 25, 2017 December 31, 2018 Republican Trump I [77]
22 Linda McMahon Administrator of the Small Business Administration February 14, 2017 April 12, 2019 [78]
23 Gina Haspel* Director of the Central Intelligence Agency May 21, 2018 January 20, 2021 [79]
24 Jovita Carranza Administrator of the Small Business Administration January 14, 2020 January 20, 2021 [80]
25 Avril Haines* Director of National Intelligence January 21, 2021 January 20, 2025 Democratic Biden [81]
26 Linda Thomas-Greenfield United States Ambassador to the United Nations February 25, 2021 January 20, 2025 [82]
27 Cecilia Rouse Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers March 12, 2021 March 31, 2023 [83]
28 Isabel Guzman Administrator of the Small Business Administration March 17, 2021 January 20, 2025 [84]
29 Katherine Tai United States Trade Representative March 18, 2021 January 20, 2025 [85]
30 Shalanda Young Director of the Office of Management and Budget March 17, 2022 January 20, 2025 [86]
31 Arati Prabhakar* Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy October 3, 2022 January 20, 2025 [87]
32 Susie Wiles* White House Chief of Staff January 20, 2025 Incumbent Republican Trump II [88]
33 Tulsi Gabbard Director of National Intelligence February 12, 2025 Incumbent [89]
34 Kelly Loeffler Administrator of the Small Business Administration February 20, 2025 Incumbent [90]

See also

Other lists of United States Cabinet members

Lists of international female executive department leaders

Notes

  1. The position was established as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare on April 11, 1953; renamed Secretary of Health and Human Services on May 4, 1980.[15]
  2. Ineligible to serve in the line of succession due to being a naturalized citizen and not a natural-born citizen.[5][6]
  3. Labor was only included in the presidential line of succession under the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.
  4. The start date given here is the day when a position was elevated to cabinet-level status, not an officeholder appointed.

References

  1. "The Constitution of the United States: Amendments 11–27". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016.
  2. "Frances Perkins first woman as Cabinet member". United Press International. March 5, 1933.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  3. Williams, Juan (March 24, 1985). "Patricia R. Harris Dies at 60". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  4. McFadden, Robert D. (March 23, 2022). "Madeleine Albright, First Woman to Serve as Secretary of State, Dies at 84". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  5. "U.S. Code: Title 3, 19. Vacancy In Offices of Both President and Vice President; Officers Eligible to Act". Cornell Law School. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008.
  6. "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on August 19, 2011.
  7. "Rice Confirmed By Senate". CBS News. January 26, 2005. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021.
  8. Benenson, Bob (January 4, 2007). "Pelosi Officially Elected Speaker of the U.S. House". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  9. Schaff, Erin (November 7, 2020). "Kamala Harris Makes History as First Woman and Woman of Color as Vice President". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  10. Feerick, John. "Essays on Amendment XXV: Presidential Succession". The Heritage Guide to the Constitution. The Heritage Foundation.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  11. Beckwith, Karen; Franceschet, Susan (January 15, 2021). "Biden will have more women in his Cabinet than any president ever. Other countries still do better". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  12. "Women Appointed to Presidential Cabinets" (PDF). Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. March 16, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2022.
  13. "Secretaries of Defense". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021.
  14. "History - Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)". va.gov. Archived from the original on October 31, 2021.
  15. "HHS Historical Highlights". United States Department of Health and Human Services. June 19, 2016. Archived from the original on May 22, 2015.
  16. Barron, James (August 17, 1995). "Oveta Culp Hobby, Founder of the WACs And First Secretary of Health, Dies at 90". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  17. Madden, Richard L. (March 11, 1975). "Ford Praises Mrs. Hills as Oath is Administered". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  18. McFadden, Robert D. (July 7, 2010). "Juanita M. Kreps, Commerce Secretary, Dies at 89". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  19. "Secretary of Education Is Confirmed by 81 to 2". The New York Times. December 1, 1979.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  20. Gerstel, Steve (February 2, 1983). "Elizabeth Dole, her nomination unanimously confirmed by the Senate,..." United Press International.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  21. "Margaret Heckler Takes Oath as U.S. Secretary of Health". The New York Times. March 10, 1983.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  22. Noble, Kenneth B. (December 17, 1987). "McLaughlin Expects Scrutiny in Labor Post". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  23. Phillips, Don; Dewar, Helen (January 26, 1989). "Senate Unanimously Confirms Baker, Dole, Darman". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  24. "Senate Confirms Martin as Labor Secretary". The New York Times. February 8, 1991.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  25. Brisgone, Gina (February 28, 1992). "Franklin Confirmed as Commerce Secretary". Hartford Courant.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  26. Fram, Alan (January 21, 1993). "URGENT Fast-Moving Senate Confirms 13 More Clinton Aides". Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  27. "4 Clinton Cabinet Members To Resign". CNN. November 6, 1996.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  28. Henderson, Greg (March 11, 1993). "Reno confirmed to become first female attorney general". United Press International.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  29. Gray, Jerry (May 1, 1997). "After Impasse, Senate Confirms Clinton's Choice for Labor Post". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  30. "Energy, education, agriculture secretaries resigning". NBC News. MSNBC. November 15, 2004.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  31. Snow, Kate (January 29, 2001). "Chao confirmed by unanimous consent motion". CNN.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  32. Alvarez, Lizette (January 31, 2001). "Senate Confirms Nominees For E.P.A. and Interior Posts". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  33. Feller, Ben (January 31, 2005). "Spellings Promises to Push Bush Agenda". Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  34. "Senate Confirms Mary Peters as Transportation Secretary". Fox News. Associated Press. September 30, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  35. Richter, Paul (January 22, 2009). "Hillary Clinton approved as secretary of State". Los Angeles Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  36. Condon, Stephanie (July 12, 2013). "Janet Napolitano resigning". CBS News.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  37. Cole, Rebecca (February 25, 2009). "Solis confirmed as Labor secretary". Los Angeles Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  38. Pear, Robert (April 28, 2009). "Senate Confirms Sebelius as Health Secretary". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  39. "Senate confirms Sally Jewell nomination for interior secretary". Reuters. April 11, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  40. Hicks, Josh (June 25, 2013). "Senate confirms Penny Pritzker to head Commerce Department". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  41. Goldstein, Amy (June 5, 2014). "Senate Confirms Sylvia Mathews Burwell as New Secretary of HHS". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  42. Steinhauer, Jennifer (April 23, 2015). "Senate Confirms Loretta Lynch as Attorney General After Long Delay". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  43. Mann, Ted (January 31, 2017). "Senate Confirms Elaine Chao as Transportation Secretary". The Wall Street Journal.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  44. Huetteman, Emmarie; Alcindor, Yamiche (February 7, 2017). "Betsy DeVos Confirmed as Education Secretary; Pence Breaks Tie". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  45. Nixon, Ron (December 5, 2017). "Kirstjen Nielsen, White House Aide, Is Confirmed as Homeland Security Secretary". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  46. Rappeport, Alan (January 26, 2021). "Janet Yellen, the first woman to be Treasury secretary, is sworn in by the first woman to be vice president". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  47. Plumer, Brad (February 25, 2021). "Jennifer Granholm is confirmed as energy secretary". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  48. Swanson, Ana (March 2, 2021). "Gina Raimondo is confirmed as commerce secretary". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  49. Jan, Tracy (March 11, 2021). "Marcia Fudge confirmed as first Black woman to lead HUD in more than 40 years". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  50. Davenport, Coral (March 16, 2021). "Deb Haaland Becomes First Native American Cabinet Secretary". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  51. Beitsch, Rebecca; Weaver, Al (January 25, 2025). "Senate confirms Noem to lead Department of Homeland Security". The Hill.
  52. Quinn, Melissa (February 5, 2025). "Pam Bondi sworn in as attorney general after Senate confirms her in a 54-46 vote". CBS News.
  53. "Brooke Rollins confirmed as Trump's agriculture secretary as tariff fights loom". Associated Press. February 13, 2025.
  54. "Linda McMahon sworn in to run agency Trump wants to abolish". Fox News. March 3, 2025.
  55. Weaver, Al (March 10, 2025). "Senate confirms Lori Chavez-DeRemer as Labor secretary". The Hill.
  56. "U.S. Postal Service Selects First Female Postmaster General". Time. November 14, 2014.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  57. "Origins: 1776-1913". United States Department of Commerce. December 20, 2022. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. President William Taft signed legislation on March 4, 1913, his last day in office, splitting the combined department. Labor was given Cabinet status and the designation of the Department of Commerce and Labor was changed to the Department of Commerce.
  58. Baldor, Lolita C. (May 27, 2021). "Senate confirms Wormuth as first female Army secretary". Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  59. "Susan Morrisey Livingstone, First Female Acting Secretary of the Navy". United States Department of the Navy.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  60. "Woman Confirmed as Air Force Boss". Orlando Sentinel. August 7, 1993.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  61. Grimes, William (July 31, 2008). "Anne Armstrong, Presidential Adviser and Pioneering Politician, Dies at 80". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  62. Branigin, William (December 8, 2006). "Ex-Ambassador Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Dies". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  63. Uchitelle, Louis (June 10, 1990). "A Crowbar for Carla Hills". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  64. Greenhouse, Steven (March 15, 1993). "Washington at Work; As Economists Snipe, An Adviser Presses On". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  65. "OMB Director Confirmed". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. October 8, 1994.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  66. "Yellen, Alvarez Confirmed In Unanimous Senate Vote". CNN. February 14, 1997.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  67. "U.S. Trade Official Wins Confirmation, And a Related Vote". The New York Times. Reuters. March 6, 1997.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  68. "Trade Representative Nominee Is Confirmed". The New York Times. Reuters. June 9, 2006.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  69. Hebert, H. Josef (January 23, 2009). "Jackson confirmed for EPA". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 2, 2021.
  70. "U.S. Senate confirms Rice as U.N. ambassador". Reuters. January 23, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  71. "Senate confirms retired admiral as spy chief". Reuters. January 29, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  72. Maltby, Emily (January 13, 2012). "Obama to Elevate SBA Chief". The Wall Street Journal.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  73. Kim, Seung Min (April 24, 2013). "Senate confirms OMB director". Politico.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  74. Eilperin, Juliet (July 18, 2013). "Senate confirms Gina McCarthy as EPA administrator". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  75. Peters, Jeremy W. (August 1, 2013). "Senate Easily Approves Obama's U.N. Nominee". The New York Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  76. Pizzanghera, Jim (March 27, 2014). "Maria Contreras-Sweet confirmed as SBA chief". Los Angeles Times.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  77. Barrett, Ted (January 25, 2017). "Nikki Haley easily confirmed as UN ambassador". CNN.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  78. Freking, Kevin (February 14, 2017). "Senate confirms former wrestling exec McMahon to lead SBA". Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  79. Harris, Shane; Demirjian, Karoun (May 17, 2018). "Gina Haspel confirmed as CIA chief despite scrutiny of her role in interrogation program". The Washington Post.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  80. Jagoda, Naomi (January 7, 2020). "Senate confirms Trump pick for small business chief". The Hill.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  81. Macias, Amanda (January 20, 2021). "Senate confirms Avril Haines, Biden's pick to lead U.S. spy agencies". CNBC.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  82. Lee, Matthew (February 23, 2021). "Senate confirms Linda Thomas-Greenfield as UN ambassador". Associated Press.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  83. Lane, Sylvan (March 2, 2021). "Senate confirms Rouse as Biden's top economist". The Hill.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  84. Arora, Rohit (March 19, 2021). "Isabella Casillas Guzman Confirmed As 27th SBA Administrator; Takes Over At Critical Time For Small Business". Forbes.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  85. Hayashi, Yuka (March 17, 2021). "Katherine Tai Confirmed as Biden's Trade Representative". The Wall Street Journal.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  86. Sullivan, Kate; Zaslav, Ali (March 15, 2022). "Shalanda Young becomes first Black woman to lead White House budget office following Senate confirmation". CNN.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  87. "Applied Physicist Arati Prabhakar Confirmed as OSTP Director". American Physical Society. October 6, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  88. Miller, Zeke; Price, Michelle L.; Colvin, Jill (November 7, 2024). "President-elect Trump names Susie Wiles as chief of staff, making her first woman in the post". Associated Press.
  89. McLaughlin, Jenna (February 12, 2025). "Tulsi Gabbard confirmed as director of national intelligence, overcoming skepticism". NPR.
  90. Kinnard, Meg (February 19, 2025). "Senate confirms Kelly Loeffler, former Georgia senator, to lead Small Business Administration". Associated Press. ISSN 1553-8095.