Mezzanine
Studio album by Massive Attack
Released20 April 1998 (1998-04-20)
Recorded1997
Genre
  • Trip hop
  • electronica[1]
Length63:29
Label
  • Virgin
  • Circa
Producer
  • Neil Davidge
  • Massive Attack
Massive Attack chronology
No Protection
(1995) 		Mezzanine
(1998) 		Singles 90/98
(1998)
Singles from Mezzanine
  1. "Risingson"
    Released: 7 July 1997
  2. "Teardrop"
    Released: 27 April 1998
  3. "Angel"
    Released: 13 July 1998
  4. "Inertia Creeps"
    Released: 21 September 1998

Mezzanine is the third studio album by English electronic music group Massive Attack, released on 20 April 1998 by Circa and Virgin Records. For the album, the group began to explore a darker aesthetic, and focused on a more atmospheric style influenced by British post-punk, industrial music, hip hop and dub music.[2] The album spawned four singles, "Risingson", "Teardrop", "Angel" and "Inertia Creeps". It was the group's first album not to feature rapper Adrian "Tricky" Thaws and the last to feature Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles. It also marked the first collaboration between Robert "3D" Del Naja and producer Neil Davidge. It also features guest vocals from recurring collaborator Horace Andy, as well as Elizabeth Fraser of Cocteau Twins and Sarah Jay Hawley.

Mezzanine received significant critical acclaim, with many praising the group’s darker sound. It has been named by several publications as one of the best albums of the 1990s and of all time. It is the group's most commercially successful album, topping the charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand. It has sold more than 2.5 million copies worldwide.

Background and recording

Mezzanine was conceptualised by lead Massive Attack member Robert Del Naja in 1997, who wanted to focus on exploring a darker audiovisual aesthetic with distinct influences. The production of the album was a stressful process; with tensions arising, it led to disagreements that almost split the group, including discouragement from Andrew Vowles. As a demonstration of the project's sound, Del Naja initially produced instrumental demos sampling songs by British post-punk bands such as Wire and Gang of Four, who had been familiar to him as artists he had enjoyed as a teenager. Grant Marshall supported this direction as he wanted to depart from the "urban soul" of their previous album, Protection, but Vowles was sceptical.[3]

The sessions continued with Vowles and Marshall working on bass and drum loops, while Del Naja continued to produce demos. The album was originally set to be released in December 1997, but was delayed by four months, with Del Naja spending most of the time in the studio "making tracks, tearing them apart, f***ing [sic] them up, panicking, then starting again."[4] Before the album's release, the group released "Superpredators", a non-album song extensively sampling Siouxsie and the Banshees' song "Metal Postcard", for the soundtrack to the 1997 film The Jackal;[5] the track was subsequently included on the Japanese version of Mezzanine.[6]

Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles left the group soon after the album's release, due to creative conflicts, while reggae artist and Massive Attack collaborator Horace Andy contributed to the album on multiple songs.[7] The album's working title was Damaged Goods, which was the name of Gang of Four's 1978 debut single.[3]

Mezzanine was a pretty sketchy album in terms of the way we worked, because the band, as reported a lot at that time, were not getting on. So I'd be in the studio working with one of the members and someone else would come in, then the person I had been working with would leave and I'd have to change the track I was working on because they didn't want to work on that track, they wanted to work on something different. Sometimes I'd be working on perhaps four different tracks in one day, which was a pretty messy way to work.

– Neil Davidge in an interview with Sound on Sound.[8]

The cover art depicts a black beetle on a white background, photographed by Nick Knight at the Natural History Museum in London.[9]

Composition

Mezzanine has been described as a trip hop[10] and electronica album[1] with moods of "dark claustrophobia" and melancholy.[2] Musically, the album is a major departure from the jazzy and laidback sound of the first two albums, Blue Lines and Protection, invoking the dark undercurrents which had previously only been vaguely present in the group's music. The album's textured and deep tone relies heavily on abstract and ambient sounds, heavy emphasis on bass, and influences from alternative rock.

Similar to their previous albums, several songs use one or more samples, which range from artists typically sampled in trip hop such as Isaac Hayes and various drum breaks, to bands like the Cure and the Velvet Underground. In particular, "Inertia Creeps" samples Turkish çiftetelli music which Del Naja recorded after partying in Istanbul, with his recorded tape subsequently becoming the rhythmic base for the song.[11] In 1998, Manfred Mann sued Massive Attack for unauthorised use of a sample of the song "Tribute" from Manfred Mann's Earth Band's eponymous 1972 album, used on "Black Milk".[12] The song has subsequently appeared as "Black Melt" on later releases and at live performances, with the sample removed. Later digital editions of Mezzanine have retained the original song, with Mann being added to the songwriting credits.[13][14]

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[15]
Entertainment WeeklyA−[10]
The Guardian[16]
Los Angeles Times[17]
Muzik10/10[18]
NME8/10[19]
Pitchfork8.1/10 (1998)[20]
9.3/10 (2017)[21]
Rolling Stone[22]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[23]
Uncut[24]

Mezzanine entered the UK Albums Chart at number one,[25] and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 4 September 1998 and then double platinum on 22 July 2013.[26] However, it failed to share the same success in North America, peaking at number 60 on the Billboard 200[27] and number 51 on the Canadian Albums Chart.[28]

The album received significant critical acclaim, which praised the collective's new sound. Rolling Stone's Barney Hoskyns, although praising the album, pointed to its flaws: "Sometimes rhythm and texture are explored at the expense of memorable tunes, and the absence of the bizarre Tricky [...] only highlights the flat, monotonous rapping of the group's 3-D."[22] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice gave the album a two-star honorable mention rating and selected "Risingson" and "Man Next Door" as highlights.[29]

John Bush of AllMusic had positive words for the album's song "Inertia Creeps", saying it "could well be the highlight, another feature for just the core threesome. With eerie atmospherics, fuzz-tone guitars, and a wealth of effects, the song could well be the best production from the best team of producers the electronic world had ever seen."[15]

Years after the album was released, it was placed on several best-of lists in the UK and the United States. In 2000, Q magazine placed Mezzanine at number 15 on its list of "The 100 Greatest British Albums Ever". In 2013, it was placed at 215 on NME's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".[1] In 2003, the album was ranked number 412 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time",[30] and while it was not included in the 2012 update of the list, it reentered the 2020 update ranked at number 383.[31]

By April 2000, the album had sold 2.5 million copies worldwide.[32] As of February 2010, it had sold 560,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[33]

Mezzanine DNA

On the 20th anniversary of Mezzanine's release, the record was encoded into synthetic DNA—a first for an album. The project was in collaboration with TurboBeads Labs in Switzerland; the digital audio of the album was stored in the form of genetic information. The audio was then compressed using Opus, coded in DNA molecules—with 920,000 short DNA strands containing all the data—and then poured into 5,000 tiny glass beads.[34]

20th anniversary reissue

The album was remastered and reissued for its 20th anniversary. The two-CD anniversary edition was released on 23 August 2019, and comes with a bonus disc of previously unreleased dub mixes by Mad Professor, which were originally intended to be released on a Mezzanine remix album. A triple-LP vinyl version was also planned; initially delayed from its proposed release date, the triple-LP version was eventually cancelled.[35]

In lieu of the vinyl reissue, the Mad Professor remixes were released as a pink 12-inch vinyl single entitled Massive Attack v Mad Professor Part II (Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98) on 20 September 2019.[36]

The Mad Professor remixes include "Metal Banshee" (an unreleased dub version of "Superpredators", which was a reworked cover of "Metal Postcard" originally by Siouxsie and the Banshees), and "Wire", a track recorded for the soundtrack to the film Welcome to Sarajevo.[37][38]

Track listing

Standard edition
No.TitleWriter(s)VocalsLength
1."Angel"
  • Robert Del Naja
  • Grantley Marshall
  • Andrew Vowles
  • Horace Hinds
Horace Andy6:18
2."Risingson"
  • 3D
  • Daddy G
4:58
3."Teardrop"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
  • Elizabeth Fraser
Fraser5:29
4."Inertia Creeps"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
3D5:56
5."Exchange"
  • Bob Hilliard
  • Mort Garson
(instrumental)4:11
6."Dissolved Girl"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
  • Sarah Jay Hawley
  • Matt Schwartz
Hawley6:07
7."Man Next Door"John HoltAndy5:55
8."Black Milk"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
  • Fraser
  • Manfred Mann
Fraser6:20
9."Mezzanine"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
  • 3D
  • Daddy G
5:54
10."Group Four"
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
  • Fraser
  • 3D
  • Fraser
8:13
11."(Exchange)"
  • Hilliard
  • Garson
Andy4:08
Japanese edition bonus track[6]
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
12."Superpredators" (The Mad Professor Remix[39])5:16
Total length:68:45
20th anniversary reissue disc two: Massive Attack v Mad Professor Part II (Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98)
No.TitleWriter(s)Length
1."Metal Banshee" (Mad Professor Mix One)
  • McKay
  • Morris
  • Sioux
  • Severin
5:49
2."Angel" (Angel Dust)
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Hinds
  • Vowles
6:04
3."Teardrop" (Mazaruni Dub One)
  • Del Naja
  • Fraser
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
6:05
4."Inertia Creeps" (Floating on Dubwise)
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
6:05
5."Risingson" (Setting Sun Dub Two)
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
4:53
6."Exchange" (Mountain Steppers Dub)
  • Hilliard
  • Garson
5:44
7."Wire" (Leaping Dub)
  • Del Naja
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
5:21
8."Group Four" (Security Forces Dub)
  • Del Naja
  • Fraser
  • Marshall
  • Vowles
8:14

Sample credits

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Mezzanine.[41]

Massive Attack

Additional musicians

Technical

Artwork

Charts

Weekly charts

1998 weekly chart performance for Mezzanine
Chart (1998) Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[42] 1
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[43] 3
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[44] 4
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[45] 14
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[28] 51
Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI)[46] 15
Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[47] 14
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[48] 17
European Albums (Music & Media)[49] 1
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[50] 4
French Albums (SNEP)[51] 3
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[52] 6
Greek Albums (IFPI)[53] 3
Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)[54] 14
Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)[55] 1
Irish Albums (IFPI)[56] 1
Italian Albums (FIMI)[56] 3
Japanese Albums (Oricon)[57] 72
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[58] 1
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[59] 2
Portuguese Albums (AFP)[56] 3
Scottish Albums (OCC)[60] 2
Spanish Albums (AFYVE)[61] 19
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[62] 4
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[63] 6
UK Albums (OCC)[25] 1
UK Dance Albums (OCC)[64] 1
US Billboard 200[27] 60
Weekly chart performance for Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98
Chart (2019–2020) Peak
position
Greek Albums (IFPI)[65] 5
UK Albums Sales (OCC)[66] 32
UK Dance Albums (OCC)[67] 3
UK Physical Albums (OCC)[68] 22
UK Vinyl Albums (OCC)[69] 5
2021 weekly chart performance for Mezzanine
Chart (2021) Peak
position
Greek Albums (IFPI)[70] 5

Year-end charts

1998 year-end chart performance for Mezzanine
Chart (1998) Position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[71] 53
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[72] 27
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[73] 41
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[74] 100
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[75] 75
European Albums (Music & Media)[76] 22
French Albums (SNEP)[77] 46
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[78] 34
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[79] 10
UK Albums (OCC)[80] 40
1999 year-end chart performance for Mezzanine
Chart (1999) Position
UK Albums (OCC)[81] 105

Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for Mezzanine
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[82] Platinum 70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[83] Gold 25,000*
Belgium (BRMA)[84] Platinum 50,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[85] Gold 50,000^
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[86] 2× Platinum 40,000‡
France (SNEP)[87] 2× Gold 200,000*
Germany (BVMI)[88] Gold 250,000^
Italy (FIMI)[89] Gold 25,000*
Netherlands (NVPI)[90] Gold 50,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[91] Platinum 15,000^
Norway (IFPI Norway)[92] Gold 25,000*
Spain (Promusicae)[93] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[94] Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[26] 2× Platinum 769,864[95]
United States — 560,000[33]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[96] 2× Platinum 2,000,000*

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

Notes

  1. Mixed at Olympic Studios (London)
  2. Edited at Metropolis Studios (London)

References

  1. "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 300–201". NME. 24 October 2013.
  2. Mueller, Gavin (1 September 2003). "Massive Attack – Mezzanine – Review". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 27 October 2011.
  3. Cavanagh, David (January 1999). "Are We A Fucking Punk Band Now?". Q.
  4. Hanson, Amy. "Risingson – Massive Attack". AllMusic.
  5. "Massive Attack Discography – Tune Info + Lyrics – superpredators". inflightdata.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
  6. Massive Attack – Mezzanine. Virgin – VJCP-25360. CD, Album Japan.
  7. "Horace Andy : Biography". VH1. Archived from the original on 1 February 2005.
  8. Humberstone, Nigel (April 2003). "Massive Attack – Neil Davidge: Recording 100th Window". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013.
  9. "Massive Attack's Mezzanine – The Story Behind The Sleeve". Long Live Vinyl. 28 November 2018.
  10. Mirkin, Steven (15 May 1998). "Mezzanine". Entertainment Weekly.
  11. Prasad, Anil. "Massive Attack – Massive aggressive". Innerviews. The music came from nights out in Istanbul. There's some mad music there at some belly dancing shows which are pretty embarrassingly tourist-orientated. But the music was fucking really cool. I got some tapes and I was in the studio when we were working on this music. [...] [W]e started writing this new beat from it and so it was really cool, d'ya-know-what-I-mean?
  12. "Manfred Mann Sues Massive Attack". MTV News. 30 December 1998. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014.
  13. "Mezzanine by Massive Attack". United States: iTunes Store. 20 April 1998.
  14. "Black Milk – Massive Attack". Deezer.
  15. Bush, John. "Mezzanine – Massive Attack". AllMusic.
  16. Bennun, David (10 April 1998). "As dark as it gets". The Guardian.
  17. Weingarten, Marc (10 May 1998). "Massive Attack, 'Mezzanine,' Virgin". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2016.
  18. Newsome, Rachel (May 1998). "Massive Attack: Mezzanine (Virgin)". Muzik. No. 36. p. 71.
  19. Cameron, Keith (18 April 1998). "Massive Attack – Mezzanine". NME. Archived from the original on 17 August 2000.
  20. DiCrescenzo, Brent. "Massive Attack: Mezzanine: Pitchfork Review". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 16 August 2000.
  21. Patrin, Nate (8 January 2017). "Massive Attack: Mezzanine". Pitchfork.
  22. Hoskyns, Barney (28 May 1998). "Massive Attack: Mezzanine". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 14 January 2009.
  23. Kot, Greg (2004). "Massive Attack". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 517–18. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  24. Lewis, Simon (May 1998). "Floored genius". Uncut. No. 12. p. 84.
  25. "Official Albums Chart on 26/4/1998 – Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  26. "British album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". British Phonographic Industry. 22 July 2013. Select albums in the Formats field. Type Mezzanine Massive Attack in the "Search:" field.
  27. "Massive Attack Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  28. "Top RPM Albums: Image 3553". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  29. Christgau, Robert (2000). "Massive Attack: Mezzanine". Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-312-24560-2.
  30. "412) Mezzanine". Rolling Stone. 1 November 2003. Archived from the original on 30 March 2009.
  31. "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2023.
  32. "News". Red Lines. 20 April 2000.
  33. Sexton, Paul (19 February 2010). "Massive Attack Prove New Album Was Worth The Wait". Billboard.
  34. "Massive Attack Encoding Album into DNA". Pitchfork. 20 April 2018.
  35. "Massive Attack / Mezzanine 20th anniversary deluxe on 2CD and 3LP | superdeluxeedition". 14 September 2018.
  36. "Massive Attack V Mad Professor Part II (Mezzanine Remix Tapes '98) – Discogs". Discogs.
  37. Peacock, Tim (9 November 2018). "Listen to Mad Professor's 'Mazaruni Dub One' Mix of Massive Attack's 'Teardrop'". udiscovermusic.com.
  38. Eede, Christian (16 August 2019). "Massive Attack To Release Mezzanine Dub Version". The Quietus.
  39. "massive attack discography – miscellaneous – radio/promo singles". inflightdata.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2004.
  40. Cardew, Bendate (5 July 2023). "How Massive Attack's 'Mezzanine' predicted a new era for British music". DJ Mag.
  41. Massive Attack (1998). Mezzanine (liner notes). Virgin Records. WBRCD4.
  42. "Australiancharts.com – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  43. "Austriancharts.at – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  44. "Ultratop.be – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  45. "Ultratop.be – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  46. "Top National Sellers". Music & Media. Vol. 15, no. 22. 30 May 1998. p. 11. OCLC 29800226.
  47. "Massive Attack / Mezzanine". TOP20.dk. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014.
  48. "Dutchcharts.nl – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  49. "European Top 100 Albums". Music & Media. Vol. 15, no. 21. 23 May 1998. p. 21. OCLC 29800226.
  50. "Massive Attack: Mezzanine" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  51. "Lescharts.com – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  52. "Offiziellecharts.de – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  53. "Top National Sellers". Music & Media. Vol. 15, no. 20. 16 May 1998. p. 12. OCLC 29800226.
  54. "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 1998. 20. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  55. "Tónlist – Ísland plötur og diskar". DV (in Icelandic). Vol. 88, no. 114. 22 May 1998. p. 44. ISSN 1021-8254 – via Timarit.is.
  56. "Top National Sellers". Music & Media. Vol. 15, no. 19. 9 May 1998. p. 16. OCLC 29800226.
  57. マッシヴ・アタックのアルバム売り上げランキング [Massive Attack album sales ranking] (in Japanese). Oricon.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  58. "Charts.nz – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  59. "Norwegiancharts.com – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  60. "Official Scottish Albums Chart on 26/4/1998 – Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  61. Salaverrie, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  62. "Swedishcharts.com – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  63. "Swisscharts.com – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  64. "Dance Albums". Music Week. 2 May 1998. p. 25. ISSN 0265-1548.
  65. "Official IFPI Charts – Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Week: 38/2020". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020.
  66. "Official Albums Sales Chart". Official Charts Company.
  67. "Official Dance Albums Chart on 27/9/2019 – Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
  68. "Official Physical Albums Chart". Official Charts Company.
  69. "Official Vinyl Albums Chart". Official Charts Company.
  70. "Official IFPI Charts – Top-75 Albums Sales Chart (Combined) – Week: 24/2021". IFPI Greece. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021.
  71. "ARIA Top 100 Albums for 1998". Australian Recording Industry Association.
  72. "Jahreshitparade Alben 1998". austriancharts.at (in German).
  73. "Jaaroverzichten 1998 – Albums" (in Dutch). Ultratop.
  74. "Rapports annuels 1998 – Albums" (in French). Ultratop.
  75. "Jaaroverzichten – Album 1998" (in Dutch). Dutch Charts.
  76. "Year in Focus – European Top 100 Albums 1998". Music & Media. Vol. 15, no. 51. 19 December 1998. p. 8. OCLC 29800226.
  77. "Classement Albums – année 1998" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012.
  78. "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 1998" (in German). GfK Entertainment.
  79. "Top Selling Albums of 1998". Recorded Music NZ.
  80. "End of Year Album Chart Top 100 – 1998". Official Charts Company.
  81. "Najlepiej sprzedające się albumy w W.Brytanii w 1999r" (in Polish). Z archiwum...rocka. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.
  82. "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1998 Albums" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association.
  83. "Austrian album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in German). IFPI Austria.
  84. "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2004". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021.
  85. "Canadian album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Music Canada. 15 September 1998.
  86. "Danish album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". IFPI Danmark.
  87. "French album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in French). SNEP.
  88. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Massive Attack; 'Mezzanine')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
  89. "Italian album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.
  90. "Dutch album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Enter Mezzanine in the "Artiest of titel" box. Select 2000 in the drop-down menu saying "Alle jaargangen".
  91. "New Zealand album certifications – Massive Attack – Mezzanine". Recorded Music NZ.
  92. "IFPI Norsk platebransje Trofeer 1993–2011" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
  93. Salaverrie, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. p. 954. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
  94. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Mezzanine')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
  95. Garner, George (4 February 2021). "Round Hill Music acquires catalogue of two founding members of Massive Attack". Music Week.
  96. "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2004". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.

Further reading