Tupou VI
Tupou in 2025
King of Tonga
Reign18 March 2012 – present
Coronation4 July 2015[1]
PredecessorGeorge Tupou V
Heir apparentTupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
Prime Ministers See list
  • Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō
    ʻAkilisi Pōhiva
    Sēmisi Sika (Acting)
    Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
    Siaosi Sovaleni
    Samiu Vaipulu (Acting)
    ʻAisake Eke
    Fatafehi Fakafānua
Prime Minister of Tonga
In office
3 January 2000 – 11 February 2006
MonarchTāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
Preceded byBaron Vaea
Succeeded byFeleti Sevele
Born (1959-07-12) 12 July 1959
Nukuʻalofa, Tonga
Spouse Nanasipauʻu Vaea ​(m. 1982)​
IssuePrincess Lātūfuipeka Tukuʻaho
Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
Prince Ata
Names
ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho
HouseTupou dynasty
FatherTāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
MotherHalaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
ReligionFree Wesleyan Church
Alma materUniversity of East Anglia
University of New South Wales
Bond University
Signature

Tupou VI (born ʻAho‘eitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho; 12 July 1959) is King of Tonga. He served as Prime Minister of Tonga from 2000 to 2006 during the reign of his father King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV.

Following his elder brother's accession to the Tongan throne as George Tupou V, he became heir presumptive, as his brother had no legitimate children. In 2008, he was appointed Tonga's High Commissioner to Australia and resided in Canberra until his elder brother's death on 18 March 2012, upon which he became King of Tonga. He was crowned in 2015 by the Reverend D'Arcy Wood.

Key events in Tupou VI's reign included the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami and a constitutional crisis resulting from his dismissal of members of Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni's cabinet.

Early life and education

ʻAhoʻeitu was born in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga on 12 July 1959, as the third son and youngest child of Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa Tungī (later King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV) and Crown Princess (later Queen) Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe.[2][3] He attended The Leys School in Cambridge from 1973 to 1977,[4] followed by enrolment at the University of East Anglia, where he studied development studies between 1977 and 1980.[5]

Military career

ʻAhoʻeitu joined the naval arm of the Tonga Defence Services in 1982, achieving the rank of Lieutenant-Commander by 1987. He graduated from the US Naval War College as part of Class 33 in 1988.[6]

His military service included commanding the Pacific-class patrol boat VOEA Pangai from 1990 to 1995, during which he participated in peacekeeping operations in Bougainville. Then, he obtained a master's degree in defence studies from the University of New South Wales in 1997 and another master's degree in international relations from Bond University in 1999.[6]

Governmental career

In 1989, ʻAhoʻeitu (then known as Prince Lavaka Ata) was bestowed with the noble title of ʻUlukālala, granting him the title of Prince ʻUlukālala Lavaka Ata.[7][8] In 1998, Lavaka Ata transitioned from his military career to government service, assuming dual roles as defence minister and foreign minister until August 2004.[9] These roles were previously held by his elder brother, then-crown prince Tupoutoʻa, who held a dispute with the king over democratic reforms and ultimately resigned to pursue his business interests.[7][10]

Prime Minister of Tonga

Lavaka Ata assumed the role of prime minister on 3 January 2000, following the resignation of his father-in-law Baron Vaea. His appointment was seen as unexpected, given that his elder brother had been expected to inherit the position. Lavaka Ata was described as a conservative who was closely affiliated with the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga and was opposed to the pro-democracy movement then gaining ground domestically.[7][11]

In 2004, several Members of Parliament (MPs) advocated for his resignation as prime minister following their decision to boycott the inauguration of the Tonga Legislative Assembly.[12] Among the MPs was Feleti Sevele, who cited the closure of Royal Tongan Airlines as one of several adverse events associated with the prime minister's tenure. Sevele questioned the prime minister's ability to govern Tonga, asserting that an inability to manage an airline raised doubts about his capacity to govern the country effectively.[13]

Lavaka Ata resigned as prime minister on 11 February 2006.[14] His departure coincided with a period of heightened civil unrest, as pro-democracy protests advocating for a reduced governmental role of the royal family gained traction from mid-2005 onward.[15] The Nukuʻalofa riots later that year underscored a growing dissatisfaction with the existing political structure, calls for increased political representation and a more equal distribution of power.[15]

Crown Prince and diplomatic career

Following King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV's death in early September 2006, he was formally confirmed as Crown Prince of Tonga in his capacity as heir presumptive on 27 September.[16] He acquired the noble title of Tupoutoʻa, traditionally reserved for the crown prince, and was subsequently known by the title of Tupoutoʻa Lavaka. His other noble titles of ʻUlukālala of Fangatongo and ʻAta of Hihifo subsequently passed to each of his two sons.[16]

Tupoutoʻa Lavaka took on the position of the chief of mission for Tonga's High Commission in Canberra when it was inaugurated in 2008, a position he held until his accession to the throne in 2012. This move represented a notable development in Tonga's diplomatic relations with Australia, highlighting the establishment of a formal diplomatic presence.[17] Concurrently, he served as a non-resident ambassador to Japan from 15 January 2010.[18][19]

Reign

Accession and coronation

Tupoutoʻa Lavaka acceded the throne on the death of his elder brother, George Tupou V, on 18 March 2012, taking the regnal name of Tupou VI.[20] In his capacity as Tonga's head of state, he was installed as 20th Chancellor of the University of the South Pacific (USP) for a term of one year during the USP Tonga Graduation ceremony in July 2013.[21][22]

King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipau’u were crowned in a ceremony conducted at Centenary Church in Nukuʻalofa on 4 July 2015 by the Reverend D'Arcy Wood, a retired Uniting Church in Australia minister who was born in Tonga. He was assisted by the Reverend ʻAhio and the Reverend Tevita Havea, the president and the secretary general of the Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga.[23] About 15,000 guests attended the celebration.[24]

During the ceremony, Tupou VI was anointed with holy oil, adorned with a ring, and presented with a sceptre. The crown was then placed on his head by Wood, who performed the anointing and crowning as a matter of circumventing the taboo on native Tongans touching the King's head.[25] The celebrations ran for a total of eleven days, beginning a week before the ceremony.[25]

Dismissal of government

On 25 August 2017, Tupou VI dismissed Prime Minister ʻAkilisi Pōhiva, dissolved the Legislative Assembly, and ordered early elections to be held by mid-November. Following the king's dissolution of the government, the speaker, Lord Tuʻivakanō, issued a statement explaining his advice to the King that led him to dismiss the Prime Minister. Lord Tuʻivakanō stated that Pōhiva had made unconstitutional moves, including signing international agreements without the King's consent.[26] Pōhiva was reelected soon after in November.[27]

Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami

On 15 January 2022, the King was temporarily relocated from the Royal Palace following the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai and the ensuing tsunami.[28] After this, he called for unity and vowed to rebuild.[29]

Loss of confidence in ministers

On 2 February 2024, Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni was absent from Tonga, receiving medical treatment in New Zealand. During this time, King Tupou VI purportedly revoked the appointment of Siaosi Sovaleni as the armed forces minister and Fekitamoeloa ʻUtoikamanu as the minister of foreign affairs and tourism,[30][31] with the nine noble MPs[a] urging them to resign from their ministerial positions.[32] The Attorney General of Tonga, Linda Folaumoetu'i, advised the Cabinet that the King's action was unconstitutional.[33][34]

In response to the revocation of their appointments, Sovaleni and ʻUtoikamanu publicly announced their resignation from their respective ministerial positions in April 2024.[35]

Marriage and issue

ʻAhoʻeitu married Nanasipauʻu Vaea, a daughter of Baron Vaea, on 9 December 1982, with the marriage vows taking place two days later.[8][36] They have three children:[36]

Family tree

Tupou family tree
Tuʻi Haʻatakalaua lineTuʻi Tonga lineTuʻi Kanokupolu line
Kalolaine FusimataliliGeorge Tupou IFīnau Kaunanga
Fifita VavʻauTēvita ʻUngaSālote Mafile‘o PilolevuFiliaipulotu
Fusipala TaukiʻonetukuFatafehi Toutaitokotaha
Lavinia VeiongoGeorge Tupou IIʻAnaseini Takipō
Viliami Tungī MailefihiSālote Tupou IIIVīlai Tupou (illegitimate son)Tupou Seini
Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IVHalaevalu Mataʻaho
ʻAhomeʻe		Siaosi 'Alipate Tupou, Baron VaeaTuputupu Ma'afu-'o-Tukuialahi
George Tupou VTupou VINanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho
Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalalaSinaitakala Fakafanua
Taufaʻahau Manumataongo
Reference:

See also

Footnotes

  1. There are 9 MPs elected by the 33 hereditary nobles of Tonga.

References

  1. "Tonga National Public Holidays for 2015" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2015.
  2. Khalid, Usama (4 July 2022). "Kingdom of Tonga celebrates Birthday of King Tupou VI".
  3. Mohsin, Haroon (9 June 2022). "Official Birthday of HM King Tupou". National Today.
  4. "King of Tonga, an Old Leysian, hosts royal tour". The Leys School.
  5. "One in seven countries has leader who studied in UK". BBC News. 25 September 2014.
  6. "The Monarch". Consulate of the Kingdom of Tonga.
  7. East, Roger; Thomas, Richard (2003). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Psychology Press. pp. 522–523. ISBN 978-1-85743-126-1.
  8. "Tonga's six-day royal wedding". Pacific Islands Monthly. Vol. 54, no. 2. 1 February 1983. p. 20 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. "Tonga's king appoints new defence minister". RNZ. 14 September 2004.
  10. "Tupou VI, HRH King 'Aho'eitu", International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who, Brill, archived from the original on 1 January 2024
  11. Field, Michael (February 2000). "Tonga's king favours youngest son for PM". Pacific Islands Monthly. 70 (2): 8 – via Trove DigitalLibrary.
  12. "MPs call for resignation of Tongan Prime Minister". Matangi Tonga. 26 May 2004.
  13. "Call on Tongan prime minister to step down". RNZ. 28 May 2004.
  14. "Tonga's Prime Minister resigns". Matangi Tonga. 15 February 2006.
  15. "Tonga gets first elected leader". 13 February 2006.
  16. "Tupouto'a Lavaka, Tonga's new Crown Prince". Matangi Tonga. 27 September 2006. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006.
  17. "HRH The Crown Prince Tupouto'a Lavaka: Tonga's First High Commissioner to Australia". Tonga Government Portal. 16 August 2008. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011.
  18. "Tonga's Crown Prince New Ambassador to Japan". Pacific Islands Report. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021.
  19. "Constitutional Monarchy". Consulate General of the Kingdom of Tonga in Portugal. 22 June 2021.
  20. "Tonga holds funeral of King George Tupou V". BBC News. 26 March 2012. Crown Prince Tupouto'a Lavaka will use the title King Tupou VI.
  21. "King Tupou VI 20th Chancellor of University of the South Pacific". Matangi Tonga. 26 July 2013.
  22. "Chancellor". USP Governance - Council and Senate Secretariat (CSS).
  23. Fonua, Pesi; Folau, Linny (4 July 2015). "HM King Tupou VI and Queen Nanasipau'u crowned at Centenary Church". Matangi Tonga. Vavaʻu Press.
  24. "Tonga crowns King Tupou VI in lavish public coronation, parties". ABC News. 4 July 2015.
  25. Fox, Liam (4 July 2015). "Tonga crowns King Tupou VI in lavish public coronation, parties". Nukuʻalofa: ABC News.
  26. Wyeth, Grant. "King of Tonga Dismisses Prime Minister Pohiva's Government". The Diplomat.
  27. "Pohiva retains Tonga prime ministership". RNZ. 18 December 2017.
  28. Fontaine, Nicolas (15 January 2022). "Le roi Tupou VI des Tonga évacué du Palais royal après l'éruption du volcan et l'alerte tsunami". Histoires Royales (in French).
  29. "Tonga's King calls for unity as he vows to rebuild amid ash". www.stuff.co.nz.
  30. "Tonga's King Tupou VI loses confidence in PM Hu'akavameiliku". RNZ. 6 February 2024.
  31. "King has no confidence in two ministers". Matangi Tonga. 5 February 2024.
  32. "Nobles demand Tonga PM to respect King's decision - 'I love my King', Hu'akavameiliku says". RNZ. 2 March 2024.
  33. "Cabinet refutes King's orders, claiming it goes against Constitution". Matangi Tonga. 6 February 2024.
  34. "Tonga Prime Minister has final call on ministers, not the King - former attorney-general". RNZ. 6 February 2024.
  35. "Tonga ministers quit amid standoff with powerful monarch". Al Jazeera.
  36. "Royal Family Members". Tongan Royal Palace.
  37. "Princess Latufuipeka appointed Tonga's High Commissioner to Australia". Tonga Government Portal. 26 August 2012. Archived from the original on 26 August 2012.
  38. Pearlman, Jonathan (12 July 2012). "Tongan crown prince marries second cousin". The Telegraph.
  39. "New Tongan heir, Prince Taufa'ahau Manumataongo born May 10 in Auckland". Matangi Tonga. 9 May 2013.
  40. "Tonga's new Princess Halaevalu Mata'aho". Matangi Tonga. 14 July 2014.
  41. "New Princess born – HRH Princess Nanasipau'u". Matangi Tonga. 20 March 2018.
  42. "Princess Salote Mafile'o Pilolevu – Tonga's new baby Princess". Matangi Tonga. 26 February 2021.
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