The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage.[2] Spain ratified the convention on May 4, 1982, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.[3]

Sites in Spain were first inscribed on the list at the 8th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1984. At that session, five sites were added: the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, Córdoba; The Alhambra and the Generalife, Granada; Burgos Cathedral; Monastery and Site of the Escorial, Madrid; and Park Güell, Palau Güell and Casa Milà, in Barcelona.[4] Five sites were added in 1985, and another four in 1986. Apart from 1984, 1985, and 1986 (Spain's first three years as a member), 2000 saw the most new sites inscribed, with five that year. As of 2024, Spain has 50 total sites inscribed on the list, which is the fifth largest number of sites per country, only behind Italy (60), China (59), Germany (54), and France (53).[5] Of these 50 sites, 44 are cultural, 4 are natural, and 2 are mixed (meeting both cultural and natural criteria), as determined by the organization's selection criteria.[3]

Three sites are located in the Balearic Islands and four are in the Canary Islands. Four sites are transnational. The Pirineos – Monte Perdido World Heritage Site is shared with France, while the Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde site is shared with Portugal. Almadén is inscribed alongside Idrija in Slovenia. The Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe are shared with 17 other European countries.[3]

Additionally, Spain has established an agreement with UNESCO known as the Spanish Funds-in-Trust. The agreement was signed on April 18, 2002, between Francisco Villar, Spanish Ambassador and Permanent Delegate to UNESCO, and the Director-General of UNESCO, Kōichirō Matsuura. The fund provides €600,000 annually to a chosen program. Programs include helping other member states, particularly in Latin America, with projects such as nominations processes and assessing tentative sites.[6] Spain served as the chair of the World Heritage Committee in 2008 and 2009, and in 2009 hosted the 33rd Session of the Committee in Seville, Andalusia.[6]

World Heritage Sites

UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.[7]

  * Transnational site
World Heritage Sites
Site Image Location (community) Year listed UNESCO data Description
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Cantabria 1985 310; i, iii (cultural) The Cave of Altamira contains examples of cave painting from the Upper Paleolithic period, ranging from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves. The caves are well-preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate.[8]
Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct Castile and León 1985 311; i, iii, iv (cultural) The Roman aqueduct was constructed in the 1st century, the medieval Alcázar palace in the 11th century, and the cathedral in the 16th.[9]
Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias Asturias 1985 312; i, ii, iv (cultural) The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century. It developed its own style of Pre-Romanesque art and architecture that is displayed in various churches and other monuments. The original entry titled "Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias" and was extended to include other monuments such as La Foncalada.[10]
Historic Centre of Córdoba Andalusia 1984 313 i, ii, iii, iv (cultural) The original listing was the Great Mosque of Córdoba, a 7th-century Catholic Church converted to a mosque in the 8th century; restored to a Roman Catholic cathedral in the 13th century by Ferdinand III. During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region, Córdoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that of Constantinople, Damascus, and Baghdad.[11]
Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín Andalusia 1984 314; i, iii, iv (cultural) The three sites are remnants of the Moorish influence in southern Spain. The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada. The Albayzín district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994.[12]
Burgos Cathedral Castile and León 1984 316; ii, iv, vi (cultural) The Gothic-style cathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries. It is the burial place of Spanish national hero, El Cid.[13]
Monastery and Site of the Escorial Madrid 1984 318; i, ii, vi (cultural) El Escorial is one of several Spanish royal sites due to its history as a residence of the royal family. The palace was designed by King Philip II and architect Juan Bautista de Toledo to serve as a monument to Spain's central role in the Christian world.[14]
Works of Antoni Gaudí Catalonia 1984 320; i, ii, iv (cultural) The architecture of Antoni Gaudí is part of the Modernist style, but his designs are described as highly unique. The original listing featured Park Güell, Palau Güell, and Casa Milà; the 2005 extension added Casa Vicens, the crypt and nativity façade of Sagrada Família, Casa Batlló, and the crypt at Colònia Güell.[15]
Santiago de Compostela (Old Town) Galicia 1985 347; i, ii, vi (cultural) The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is the reputed burial-place of the apostle James, and is the terminus of the Way of St. James, a pilgrimage across northern Spain. The town was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century.[16]
Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches Castile and León 1985 348; iii, iv (cultural) The defensive wall surrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century. It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates, and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain.[17]
Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon Aragon 1986 378; iv (cultural) The original listing contained four churches in Teruel in the Mudéjar style, a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles. In 2001, the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments.[18]
Historic City of Toledo Castile-La Mancha 1986 379; i, ii, iii, iv (cultural) Toledo was founded by the Romans, served as the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, was important in Muslim Spain and during the Reconquista, and briefly served as the capital of Spain. The city combines Christian, Muslim, and Jewish influences.[19]
Garajonay National Park Canary Islands 1986 380; vii, ix (natural) The park is 70% covered by laurisilva or laurel forest, vegetation from the Paleogene period that disappeared from mainland Europe due to climate change, but had covered much of the southern continent.[20]
Old City of Salamanca Castile and León 1988 381rev; i, ii, iv (cultural) Salamanca is important as a university city, as the University of Salamanca, founded in 1218, is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century, and later ruled by the Romans and Moors. The city centre represents Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture.[21][22]
Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville Andalusia 1987 383; i, ii, iii, iv The Alcázar was built during the Almohad dynasty that ruled southern Spain until the Reconquista. The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs of Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus. The Archivo (Archive) houses documents relating to the colonization of the Americas.[23]
Old Town of Cáceres Extremadura 1986 384; iii, iv (cultural) The old town combines Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic, and Italian Renaissance architectural influences, including more than 30 Islamic towers.[24][25]
Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture Balearic Islands 1999 417; ii, iii, iv, ix, x (mixed) The coast of Ibiza is home to posidonia oceanica, a seagrass only found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem. The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins, and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century.[26]
Poblet Monastery Catalonia 1991 518; i, iv (cultural) The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain. It a burial site and is associated with the Crown of Aragon.[27][28]
Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza Andalusia 2003 522; ii, iv (cultural) Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emerging Renaissance style and are among the first examples of the style in Spain.[29]
Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida Extremadura 1993 664; iii, iv (cultural) Mérida was founded in 25 BC by the Romans as Emerita Augusta and was the capital of the Lusitania province. Remains from the Roman era include a bridge, aqueduct, amphitheatre, theatre, circus, and forum.[30]
Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe Extremadura 1993 665; iv, vi (cultural) The monastery is home of Our Lady of Guadalupe, a shrine to Mary found in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714. The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during the Reconquista, culminating in 1492, the same year as Columbus' discovery of America. The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during the evangelization of America.[31][32]
Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain Aragon, Asturias, Cantabria, Basque Country, Castile and León, Galicia, Navarre and La Rioja 1993 669; ii, iv, vi (cultural) The Route, or the Way of St. James, Commonly known as Camino de Santiago, is a pilgrimage from the French-Spanish border to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, where the apostle James is believed to be buried.[33]
Doñana National Park Andalusia 1994 685; vii, ix, x (natural) The park consists of the delta region where the Guadalquivir River reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to a diverse variety of biotopes, such as lagoons, marshlands, dunes, and maquis. The park is one of the largest heronries in the Mediterranean region and holds more than 500,000 water fowl during the winter period.[34]
Pirineos – Monte Perdido* Aragon 1997 773; iii, iv, v, vii, viii (mixed) The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French-Spanish border. The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe, while the French side contains three large cirque walls.[35]
Historic Walled Town of Cuenca Castile-La Mancha 1996 781; ii, v (cultural) The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century, and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century. The cathedral is the first Gothic example in Spain. The town is also famous for its casas colgadas, houses that hang over the edge of a cliff.[36][37]
La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia Valencian Community 1996 782; i, iv (cultural) La Lonja (or Llotja in Valencian language) de la Seda means Silk Exchange in English, and the group of Gothic buildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period.[38][39]
Las Médulas Castile and León 1997 803; i, ii, iii, iv (cultural) The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries. They used an early form of hydraulic mining and cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations. The Romans left in the early 3rd century, leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today.[40][41]
Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona Catalonia 1997 804; i, ii, iv (cultural) Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner in the modernist Art Nouveau movement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period. The two buildings are Montaner's most famous works.[42]
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries La Rioja 1997 805; ii, iv, vi (cultural) The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid-6th century, and is the location where the Glosas Emilianenses were written. The codixes are considered the first written examples of the Spanish and Basque languages, and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish. The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century.[43]
Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde* Castile and León (shared with Portugal) 1998, 2010 (extended) 866; ; i, iii The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Paleolithic rock art in the Côa Valley of Portugal. In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain. The two sites represent the most well-preserved collection of open-air Paleolithic art in the Iberian peninsula.[44]
Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula Andalusia, Aragon, Castile-La Mancha, Catalonia, Murcia, and Valencia 1998 874; iii The site includes over 750 examples of rock art from the late prehistoric period, which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals.[45][46]
Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco Catalonia 2000 875; ii, iii The prominent Roman city of Tárraco at the site of modern-day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces of Hispania Citerior and later Hispania Tarraconensis. The amphitheatre was constructed in the 2nd century. Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings.[47][48]
University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares Madrid 1998 876; ii, iv, vi Cardinal Cisneros founded the University of Alcalá in 1499 and is the first example of the planned university city, serving as a model to other European universities and Spanish missionaries in America. The city is the birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes, known for his contributions to the Spanish language and Western literature.[49][50]
San Cristóbal de La Laguna Canary Islands 1999 929; ii, iv The city has an original and unplanned Upper Town, and "city-territory" Lower Town. It was Spain's first non-fortified colonial town and served as a model for development in America. Many religious-function buildings and other public and private buildings date to the 16th century.[51][52]
Palmeral of Elche Valencian Community 2000 930; ii, v The grove of date palm trees was formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century. The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe.[53]
Roman Walls of Lugo Galicia 2000 987; iv The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe.[54]
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí Catalonia 2000 988; ii, iv The small valley at the edge of the Pyrenees contains churches in Romanesque style decorated with Romanesque murals, statues, and altars. The churches are unique for their tall, square bell towers.[55][56]
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca Castile and León 2000 989; iii, v The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago. The Sima de los Huesos or "Pit of Bones" contains the world's largest collection of hominid fossils.[57][58]
Aranjuez Cultural Landscape Madrid 2001 1044; ii, iv The landscape around the Royal Palace of Aranjuez was developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas. The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed.[59][60]
Vizcaya Bridge Basque Country 2006 1217; i, ii The bridge was designed by Alberto Palacio to cross the Nervion without disrupting maritime traffic to the Port of Bilbao. It was built in 1893 and is the world's first transporter bridge.[61][62]
Teide National Park Canary Islands 2007 1258; vii, viii The park contains Mount Teide, a volcano and the highest elevation in Spain.[63]
Tower of Hercules Galicia 2009 1312; iii The Romans built this 55 metres (180 ft) lighthouse on a 57 metres (187 ft) rock to mark the entrance to the A Coruña harbor. It is the only fully preserved and functioning Roman lighthouse.[64]
Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana Balearic Islands 2011 1371; ii, iv, v The cultural landscape of Serra de Tramuntana on the north western coast of Majorca has been transformed by millennia of agriculture involving water management devices such as agricultural terraces, interconnected water works -including water mills - and dry stone constructions and farms. This landscape revolves around farming units of feudal origins.[65]
Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija* Castile-La Mancha (shared with Slovenia) 2012 1313; ii, iv Almaden is an ancient (from Roman times to present day) mercury mining town with buildings relating to its mining history, including Retamar Castle, religious buildings, mining university and traditional dwellings.[66]
Antequera Dolmens Site Andalusia 2016 1501; i, iii, iv Located at the heart of Andalusia in southern Spain, the site comprises three megalithic monuments: the Menga and Viera dolmens and the Tholos of El Romeral, and two natural monuments: La Peña de los Enamorados and El Torcal mountainous formations, which are landmarks within the property. Built during the Neolithic and Bronze Age out of large stone blocks, these monuments form chambers with lintelled roofs or false cupolas. These three tombs, buried beneath their original earth tumuli, are one of the most remarkable architectural works of European prehistory and one of the most important examples of European Megalithism.[67]
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe* Castile and León, Navarre, Castile-La Mancha, and Community of Madrid (shared with 11 other countries in Europe) 2017 1133; ix Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians are used to study the spread of the beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) in the Northern Hemisphere across a variety of environments and the environment in the forest. The addition of the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany in 2011 included five forests totaling 4,391 hectares (10,850 acres) that are added to the 29,278 hectares (72,350 acres) of Slovakian and Ukrainian beech forests inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2007. The site was further expanded in 2017 to include forests in 9 additional European countries.[68]
Caliphate City of Medina Azahara Andalusia 2018 1560; iii, iv The Caliphate city of Medina Azahara is an archaeological site of a city built in the mid-10th century CE by the Umayyad dynasty as the seat of the Caliphate of Cordoba. After prospering for several years, it was laid to waste during the civil war that put an end to the Caliphate in 1009–10.[69]
Risco Caído and the sacred mountains of Gran Canaria Cultural Landscape Canary Islands 2019 1578; iii, v [70]
Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences Madrid 2020 1500; ii, iv, vi [71]
Prehistoric Sites of Talayotic Menorca Balearic Islands 2023 1528; iii, iv [72]

Tentative list

In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[73] As of 2025, Spain recorded 35 sites on its tentative list.[3]

Tentative sites
Site Image Location (Community) Year listed UNESCO criteria Description
The Ribeira Sacra, Lugo and Ourense Galicia 1996 ii, iii, iv, v (cultural) The Ribeira Sacra is crossed by the middle reaches of the Mino and Sil rivers as they flow through the provinces of Lugo and Orense. This area, which is very well defined geographically, is renowned for the wealth of monuments throughout the Ribeira: important archaeological and architectural remains, among which it is worth highlighting a string of monasteries such as San Esteban de Atan, Santa Cristina de Ribas de Sil, San Esteban de Chouzan and, the most emblematic, San Esteban de Ribas de Sil (pictured).[74]
Romanesque Cultural Enclave in the North of Castile-Leon and the South of Cantabria Cantabria, Castile and León 1998 ii, iv, v (cultural) The high valleys of the Pisuerga and Ebro rivers, in the North of Castilla y León and the South of Cantabria regions, preserve a high number of Romanesque buildings, reaching almost a hundred monuments of this style or with important architectural or sculptural remains. These works of medieval architecture and sculpture from the 11th and 12th centuries and part of the 13th century paradigmatically reflect the first artistic style that can be described as European, the Romanesque. They are masterpieces of this style and an example of the dissemination of an aesthetic creation that surpassed the ecclesiastical, royal and noble intellectual aura to form part of the feelings and actions of the most popular classes, constituting a very important testimony of that historical era[75]. The Church of Saint Martin of Tours in Frómista is pictured.
Bulwarked Frontier Fortifications Aragon, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Navarre 1998 ii, iii, iv (cultural) The bulwarked border fortifications were planned and built between the end of the 16th century or start of the 17th century and the end of the 18th century. They were constructed as a result of the military conflicts which in some cases, such as that of Portugal, led to the secession of the kingdom. They are characterised by the fact that they include elements which respond to the new defensive needs imposed by the use of artillery, thereby forming exceptional examples of the different conceptual types of defensive constructions: fortified civil cities in the case of Pamplona (Navarre, the defensive walls are pictured); Jaca (Aragon); Ciudad Rodrigo in Salamanca (Castile and León); Força Vella and Figueres, in Girona (Catalonia); military fortresses in the case of Fuerte de la Concepción en Aldea del Obispo and the castle built on the Christian-Muslim border on the Tajo river, now contained within the Monfragüe Nature Reserve of Extremadura, and the re-use and updating of medieval defence systems which already existed within the territory, as in the case of San Felices de los Gallegos.[76]
Mediterranean Windmills Murcia, Castilla-La Mancha, Valencian Community 1998 ii, iii, iv, v (cultural) [77]
The Silver Route Castile and León, Extremadura 1998 ii, iii, iv, v (cultural) The Via comprises two sections, the first formed by the Roman road that ran from Mérida to Astorga, and the other consisting of the route that led from the same starting point to the mouth of the Guadiana River in Ayamonte. The road retains its physical structure in many places along its route north of Mérida. It is approximately six meters wide, and the composition of the materials used to build it, as well as the morphology of its structure, vary according to the geology and orography of the areas it crosses. At regular intervals, there are also archaeological sites that show what the ancient post houses or inns (mansiones and mutationes) were like. Some of them were transformed into towns during the Roman period, such as the colony of Mérida or the municipality of Cáparra (Oliva de Plasencia/Guijo de Granadilla). Other sites directly related to the Way are civil engineering works, especially bridges, some of which are still in use, such as those at Albarregas (Mérida, pictured), Valdesalor (Cáceres) and Aldeanueva del Camino. Others in a state of partial ruin can still be admired, such as the grandiose bridge of Alconetar (Garrovillas) or that of Aljucén (Mérida).[78]
Greek Archaeological ensemble in Empúries, l'Escala, Girona Catalonia 2002 iii, iv (cultural) The first settlement of the Greek city of Emporion dates back to the first half of the 6th century BC, on what was then an islet or isthmus located near the ancient mouth of the Fluvià River, where the municipality of Sant Marti d'Empuries is now located, connected to the mainland. Emporion was founded by Greeks from the city of Phocaea (in present-day Turkey) or by Phocaeans who had previously settled in Massalia (now Marseille). The birth of Emporion (which means “market” in Greek) had commercial origins. The Greeks later settled on the mainland. This new settlement extended a few kilometers south of “Palaiapolis,” on the other side of the ancient harbor basin that was the first natural port for the inhabitants of Emporion. This second foundation of Emporion (Neapolis) was probably not very far removed in time from the first. From the 6th century BC onwards, both settlements were part of the same historical reality. The Greek city of Emporion was therefore always a dual city, comprising the settlements of Palaiapolis and Neapolis, separated by the port.[79]
The Mediterranean Facet of the Pyrenees Catalonia 2004 ii, iv, v, vii, ix, x (mixed) This is the cultural landscape formed by the Pyrenees mountain range ending at the Mediterranean Sea. With its rugged rocky coastline, the Cap de Béar and Cap de Creus headlands, and the Albàres massif (pictured), it is a natural landscape of exceptional quality, which also boasts a wealth of marine and terrestrial biodiversity, typical of Mediterranean coastlines, with unique features such as the coastal vineyards of Banyuls and their spectacular layout. A region marked by human presence and Mediterranean exchanges since ancient times, it bears strong historical traces (Greek, Roman, medieval, and modern) and is associated with the work of some of the greatest European artists of the 20th century in search of light and color.[80]
Mesta Livestock Trails Castile and León 2007 v, vi (cultural) The practice of transhumance livestock raising in Spain gave rise to a road network for cyclical migrations along livestock trails (given different names depending on the country in question) which are of unique material and cultural value. In the case of Spain they are called cañadas, cordeles and veredas depending on their width, and have been maintained, originally by the Mesta livestock farming guild created in the year 1273 and today by Laws.[81]

See also

References

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  67. "Antequera Dolmens Site". UNESCO. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  68. "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe". UNESCO.
  69. "Caliphate City of Medina Azahara". UNESCO.
  70. "Risco Caido and the Sacred Mountains of Gran Canaria Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  71. "Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro, a landscape of Arts and Sciences". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  72. "Prehistoric Sites of Talayotic Menorca". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  73. "Tentative Lists". UNESCO.
  74. "The Ribeira Sacra, Lugo and Ourense". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022.
  75. "Romanesque Cultural Enclave in the North of Castile-Leon and the South of Cantabria". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022.
  76. "Bulwarked Frontier Fortifications". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022.
  77. "Mediterranean Windmills". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018.
  78. "The Silver Route". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022.
  79. "Greek Archaeological ensemble in Empúries, l'Escala, Girona". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022.
  80. "The Mediterranean Facet of the Pyrenees". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022.
  81. "Brooklyn Bridge". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022.
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(in Spanish) Comisión Nacional Española de Cooperación con la UNESCO