Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are chosen by the pope and formally created in a consistory, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals.[1][2]

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis (1996), only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinals may take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinal electors,[3] a number that has often been exceeded.[4] Cardinals may be created in pectore (lit. 'in the breast'), in which case the pope does not reveal their identities; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published by the pope. The creations of any such cardinals whose names have not been revealed before the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][5]

As of 19 February 2026, there are 244 cardinals, 121 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 7 December 2024, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors.[6] Christophe Pierre was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 30 January 2026. Fernando Filoni will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 15 April 2026. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Polycarp Pengo on 19 February 2026, at the age of 81.[7]

Orders of the College of Cardinals, and order of precedence

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:[1]

  1. Cardinal bishops (CB): six cardinals who are chosen by the pope to be titular bishops of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome, plus a few additional cardinals who have been exceptionally "co-opted" as cardinal bishops,[8][9] as well as patriarchs who lead one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.[a][11][12] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) from among themselves with papal approval, are the dean and the vice dean,[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is presently Pietro Parolin.[b]
  2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops and archbishops, typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to become cardinal priests.[13] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is presently Peter Turkson.[b]
  3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops and archbishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation from the normal requirement that a person must be consecrated a bishop before becoming a cardinal. A cardinal deacon may opt (Latin: optatio) to become a cardinal priest after having served as a cardinal deacon for ten years.[1][14] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors. The junior cardinal deacon is presently George Koovakad;[b] he is also the junior cardinal deacon among the electors.

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in pastoral ministry are classified under the country in which their respective dioceses are located, although they may be citizens of another country.

Cardinals: listed in order of precedence

* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Giovanni Battista Re* Italy 30 January 1934
(age 92) 		CB 21 February 2001[i]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean) [16]
2 Leonardo Sandri* Argentina 18 November 1943
(age 82) 		CB 24 November 2007[ii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (Vice Dean) [17]
3 Francis Arinze* Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 93) 		CB 25 May 1985[iii]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [18]
4 Tarcisio Bertone SDB* Italy 2 December 1934
(age 91) 		CB 21 October 2003[iv]
John Paul II 		Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [19]
5 José Saraiva Martins CMF* Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 94) 		CB 21 February 2001[v]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [20]
6 Pietro Parolin Italy 17 January 1955
(age 71) 		CB 22 February 2014[vi]
Francis 		Secretary of State of His Holiness[c] [22]
7 Marc Ouellet PSS* Canada 8 June 1944
(age 81) 		CB 21 October 2003[vi]
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops [23]
8 Fernando Filoni Italy 15 April 1946
(age 79) 		CB 18 February 2012[vii]
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [24]
9 Beniamino Stella* Italy 18 August 1941
(age 84) 		CB 22 February 2014[viii]
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy [25]
10 Luis Antonio Tagle Philippines 21 June 1957
(age 68) 		CB 24 November 2012[ix]
Benedict XVI 		Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization[c] [26]
11 Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM* Lebanon 25 February 1940
(age 86) 		CB 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Patriarch of Antioch
(Maronite Church) 		[27]
12 Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq 4 July 1948
(age 77) 		CB 28 June 2018
Francis 		Patriarch emeritus of Baghdad
(Chaldean Church) 		[28]
13 Michael Michai Kitbunchu* Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 97) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok [29]
14 Paul Poupard* France 30 August 1930
(age 95) 		CP 25 May 1985[x]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue [30]
15 Friedrich Wetter* Germany 20 February 1928
(age 98) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising [31]
16 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 89) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo [32]
17 Roger Mahony* United States 27 February 1936
(age 90) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles [33]
18 Camillo Ruini* Italy 19 February 1931
(age 95) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [34]
19 Julius Darmaatmadja SJ* Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 91) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta [35]
20 Emmanuel Wamala* Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 99) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Kampala [36]
21 Adam Maida* United States 18 March 1930
(age 96) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Detroit [37]
22 Vinko Puljić* Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 80) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna [38]
23 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 92) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara [39]
24 James Stafford* United States 26 July 1932
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 1998[xi]
John Paul II 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [40]
25 Salvatore De Giorgi* Italy 6 September 1930
(age 95) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [41]
26 Antonio María Rouco Varela* Spain 20 August 1936
(age 89) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [42]
27 Christoph Schönborn OP* Austria[d] 22 January 1945
(age 81) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vienna [43]
28 Norberto Rivera Carrera* Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 83) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Mexico [44]
29 Jānis Pujats* Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 95) 		CP 21 February 1998[e]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Riga [45]
30 Crescenzio Sepe* Italy 2 June 1943
(age 82) 		CP 21 February 2001[xii]
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Naples [46]
31 Walter Kasper* Germany 5 March 1933
(age 93) 		CP 21 February 2001[xiii]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [47]
32 Audrys Bačkis* Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 89) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius [48]
33 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* Chile 5 September 1933
(age 92) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [49]
34 Wilfrid Napier OFM* South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 85) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Durban [50]
35 Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB* Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 83) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals [51]
36 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne* Peru 28 December 1943
(age 82) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lima [52]
37 Julián Herranz Casado* Spain 31 March 1930
(age 95) 		CP 21 October 2003[xiv]
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [53]
38 Angelo Scola* Italy 7 November 1941
(age 84) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [54]
39 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 89) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lagos [55]
40 Gabriel Zubeir Wako* Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 85) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum [56]
41 Justin Rigali* United States 19 April 1935
(age 90) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia [57]
42 Ennio Antonelli* Italy 18 November 1936
(age 89) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family [58]
43 Peter Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 77) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences [59]
44 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb [60]
45 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn* Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 92) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City [61]
46 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 75) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Lyon [62]
47 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 73) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [63]
48 Franc Rodé CM* Slovenia 23 September 1934
(age 91) 		CP 24 March 2006[xv]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [64]
49 Agostino Vallini* Italy 17 April 1940
(age 85) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Pontifical Legate emeritus for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi [65]
50 Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* Philippines 10 August 1932
(age 93) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Manila [66]
51 Jean-Pierre Ricard* France 25 September 1944
(age 81) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux [67]
52 Antonio Cañizares Llovera* Spain 15 October 1945
(age 80) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Valencia [68]
53 Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap* United States 29 June 1944
(age 81) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Boston and President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors [69]
54 Stanisław Dziwisz* Poland 27 April 1939
(age 86) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Kraków [70]
55 Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* China
(Hong Kong)[f] 		13 January 1932
(age 94) 		CP 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [71]
56 Giovanni Lajolo* Italy 3 January 1935
(age 91) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [72]
57 Angelo Comastri* Italy 17 September 1943
(age 82) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter [73]
58 Stanisław Ryłko* Poland 4 July 1945
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [74]
59 Raffaele Farina SDB* Italy 24 September 1933
(age 92) 		CP 24 November 2007[xvi]
Benedict XVI 		Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church [75]
60 Seán Brady* Ireland[g] 16 August 1939
(age 86) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Armagh [76]
61 Lluís Martínez i Sistach* Spain 29 April 1937
(age 88) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [77]
62 Angelo Bagnasco* Italy 14 January 1943
(age 83) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Genoa [78]
63 Théodore-Adrien Sarr* Senegal 28 November 1936
(age 89) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Dakar [79]
64 Oswald Gracias* India 24 December 1944
(age 81) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bombay [80]
65 Francisco Robles Ortega Mexico 2 March 1949
(age 77) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [81]
66 Daniel DiNardo United States 23 May 1949
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Galveston–Houston [82]
67 Odilo Scherer Brazil 21 September 1949
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of São Paulo [83]
68 John Njue* Kenya 1 January 1946[h]
(age 80) 		CP 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi [84]
69 Robert Sarah* Guinea 15 June 1945
(age 80) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [86]
70 Francesco Monterisi* Italy 28 May 1934
(age 91) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [87]
71 Raymond Leo Burke United States 30 June 1948
(age 77) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [88]
72 Kurt Koch Switzerland 15 March 1950
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity[c] [89]
73 Mauro Piacenza* Italy 15 September 1944
(age 81) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [90]
74 Gianfranco Ravasi* Italy 18 October 1942
(age 83) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture [91]
75 Paolo Romeo* Italy 20 February 1938
(age 88) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Palermo [92]
76 Donald Wuerl* United States 12 November 1940
(age 85) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [93]
77 Raymundo Damasceno Assis* Brazil 15 February 1937
(age 89) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida [94]
78 Kazimierz Nycz Poland 1 February 1950
(age 76) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw [95]
79 Malcolm Ranjith Sri Lanka 15 November 1947
(age 78) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Colombo [96]
80 Reinhard Marx Germany 21 September 1953
(age 72) 		CP 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy[c] [97]
81 Walter Brandmüller* Germany 5 January 1929
(age 97) 		CP 20 November 2010[xvii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences [98]
82 Manuel Monteiro de Castro* Portugal 29 March 1938
(age 87) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [99]
83 Santos Abril y Castelló* Spain 21 September 1935
(age 90) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [100]
84 Antonio Maria Vegliò* Italy 3 February 1938
(age 88) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [101]
85 Giuseppe Bertello* Italy 1 October 1942
(age 83) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [102]
86 Francesco Coccopalmerio* Italy 6 March 1938
(age 88) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [103]
87 João Braz de Aviz Brazil 24 April 1947
(age 78) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [104]
88 Edwin Frederick O'Brien* United States 8 April 1939
(age 86) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre [105]
89 Domenico Calcagno* Italy 3 February 1943
(age 83) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [106]
90 Giuseppe Versaldi* Italy 30 July 1943
(age 82) 		CP 18 February 2012[xviii]
Benedict XVI 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education [107]
91 George Alencherry* India 19 April 1945
(age 80) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[108]
92 Thomas Collins Canada 16 January 1947
(age 79) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Toronto [109]
93 Wim Eijk Netherlands 22 June 1953
(age 72) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Utrecht [110]
94 Giuseppe Betori Italy 25 February 1947
(age 79) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Florence [111]
95 Timothy M. Dolan United States 6 February 1950
(age 76) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of New York [112]
96 Rainer Woelki Germany 18 August 1956
(age 69) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop of Cologne [113]
97 John Tong Hon* China
(Hong Kong)[f] 		31 July 1939
(age 86) 		CP 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI 		Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong [114]
98 James Michael Harvey United States 20 October 1949
(age 76) 		CP 24 November 2012[xix]
Benedict XVI 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls [115]
99 Baselios Cleemis India 15 June 1959
(age 66) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Major Archbishop of Trivandrum
(Syro-Malankara Church) 		[116]
100 John Onaiyekan* Nigeria 29 January 1944
(age 82) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Abuja [117]
101 Rubén Salazar Gómez* Colombia 22 September 1942
(age 83) 		CP 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI 		Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá [118]
102 Lorenzo Baldisseri* Italy 29 September 1940
(age 85) 		CP 22 February 2014[xix]
Francis 		Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops [119]
103 Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany 31 December 1947
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014[xix]
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith [120]
104 Vincent Nichols* United Kingdom 8 November 1945
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Westminster [121]
105 Leopoldo Brenes Nicaragua 7 March 1949
(age 77) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Managua [122]
106 Gérald Lacroix ISPX Canada 27 July 1957
(age 68) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of Quebec [123]
107 Jean-Pierre Kutwa* Ivory Coast 22 December 1945
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Abidjan [124]
108 Orani João Tempesta OCist Brazil 23 June 1950
(age 75) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [125]
109 Gualtiero Bassetti* Italy 7 April 1942
(age 83) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve [126]
110 Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina 29 November 1947
(age 78) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires [127]
111 Andrew Yeom Soo-jung* South Korea 5 December 1943
(age 82) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Seoul [128]
112 Ricardo Ezzati SDB* Chile[i] 7 January 1942
(age 84) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [129]
113 Philippe Ouédraogo* Burkina Faso 31 December 1945[j]
(age 80) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou [131]
114 Orlando Quevedo OMI* Philippines 11 March 1939
(age 87) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato [132]
115 Chibly Langlois Haiti 29 November 1958
(age 67) 		CP 22 February 2014
Francis 		Bishop of Les Cayes [133]
116 Manuel Clemente Portugal 16 July 1948
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon [134]
117 Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM Ethiopia 14 July 1948
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Addis Abeba
(Ethiopian Church) 		[135]
118 John Dew New Zealand 5 May 1948
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [136]
119 Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* Vietnam 1 April 1938
(age 87) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi [137]
120 Alberto Suárez Inda* Mexico 30 January 1939
(age 87) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Morelia [138]
121 Charles Maung Bo SDB Myanmar 29 October 1948
(age 77) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Yangon [139]
122 Kriengsak Kovitvanit Thailand 27 June 1949
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok [140]
123 Francesco Montenegro Italy 22 May 1946
(age 79) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento [141]
124 Daniel Sturla SDB Uruguay 4 July 1959
(age 66) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop of Montevideo [142]
125 Ricardo Blázquez* Spain 13 April 1942
(age 83) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid [143]
126 José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR* Panama[k] 24 February 1944
(age 82) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of David [144]
127 Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde 15 November 1949
(age 76) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Santiago de Cabo Verde [145]
128 Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga 19 December 1961
(age 64) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop of Tonga [146]
129 Luis Héctor Villalba* Argentina 11 October 1934
(age 91) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán [147]
130 Júlio Duarte Langa* Mozambique 27 October 1927
(age 98) 		CP 14 February 2015
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai [148]
131 Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp Central African Republic 14 March 1967
(age 59) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Bangui [149]
132 Carlos Osoro Sierra* Spain 16 May 1945
(age 80) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Madrid [150]
133 Sérgio da Rocha Brazil 21 October 1959
(age 66) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [151]
134 Blase J. Cupich United States 19 March 1949
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Chicago [152]
135 Patrick D'Rozario CSC* Bangladesh 1 October 1943
(age 82) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka [153]
136 Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo* Venezuela 10 October 1944
(age 81) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Caracas [154]
137 Jozef De Kesel Belgium 17 June 1947
(age 78) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels [155]
138 Maurice Piat CSSp* Mauritius 19 July 1941
(age 84) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis [156]
139 Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico 9 January 1950
(age 76) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Mexico [157]
140 John Ribat MSC Papua New Guinea 9 February 1957
(age 69) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Port Moresby [158]
141 Joseph W. Tobin CSsR United States 3 May 1952
(age 73) 		CP 19 November 2016
Francis 		Archbishop of Newark [159]
142 Jean Zerbo* Mali 27 December 1943
(age 82) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Bamako [160]
143 Juan José Omella Spain 21 April 1946
(age 79) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Archbishop of Barcelona [161]
144 Anders Arborelius OCD Sweden 24 September 1949
(age 76) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Bishop of Stockholm [162]
145 Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD* Laos 8 April 1944
(age 81) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Apostolic Vicar emeritus of Vientiane [163]
146 Gregorio Rosa Chávez* El Salvador 3 September 1942
(age 83) 		CP 28 June 2017
Francis 		Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador [164]
147 Angelo De Donatis Italy 4 January 1954
(age 72) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Major Penitentiary [165]
148 Joseph Coutts* Pakistan 21 July 1945
(age 80) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Karachi [166]
149 António Marto Portugal 5 May 1947
(age 78) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima [167]
150 Pedro Barreto SJ* Peru 12 February 1944
(age 82) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo [168]
151 Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar 13 June 1954
(age 71) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Toamasina [169]
152 Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy 19 August 1948
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of L'Aquila [170]
153 Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan 3 March 1949
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu [171]
154 Toribio Ticona Porco* Bolivia 25 April 1937
(age 88) 		CP 28 June 2018
Francis 		Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro [172]
155 Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia 9 July 1950
(age 75) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Jakarta [173]
156 Juan García Rodríguez Cuba 11 July 1948
(age 77) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [174]
157 Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 January 1960
(age 66) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [175]
158 Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ Luxembourg 9 August 1958
(age 67) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Luxembourg [176]
159 Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala 16 July 1947
(age 78) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Bishop of Huehuetenango [177]
160 Matteo Zuppi Italy 11 October 1955
(age 70) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Bologna [178]
161 Cristóbal López Romero SDB Morocco[l] 19 May 1952
(age 73) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop of Rabat [179]
162 Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* Lithuania 7 November 1938
(age 87) 		CP 5 October 2019
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas [180]
163 Antoine Kambanda Rwanda 10 November 1958
(age 67) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Kigali [181]
164 Wilton Daniel Gregory United States 7 December 1947
(age 78) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Washington [182]
165 Jose Advincula OP Philippines 30 March 1952
(age 73) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Manila [183]
166 Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap* Chile[m] 6 April 1945
(age 80) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile [184]
167 Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy 1 July 1964
(age 61) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza [185]
168 Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* Mexico 1 May 1940
(age 85) 		CP 28 November 2020
Francis 		Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas [186]
169 Jean-Marc Aveline France 26 December 1958
(age 67) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Marseille [187]
170 Peter Okpaleke Nigeria 1 March 1963
(age 63) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Ekwulobia [188]
171 Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM Brazil 6 November 1950
(age 75) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Manaus [189]
172 Filipe Neri Ferrão India 20 January 1953
(age 73) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies [190]
173 Robert W. McElroy United States 5 February 1954
(age 72) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Washington [191]
174 Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB East Timor 27 November 1967
(age 58) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Díli [192]
175 Oscar Cantoni Italy 1 September 1950
(age 75) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Bishop of Como [193]
176 Anthony Poola India 15 November 1961
(age 64) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Hyderabad [194]
177 Paulo Cezar Costa Brazil 20 July 1967
(age 58) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Brasília [195]
178 William Goh Singapore 25 June 1957
(age 68) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Singapore [196]
179 Adalberto Martínez Flores Paraguay 8 July 1951
(age 74) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop of Asunción [197]
180 Giorgio Marengo IMC Mongolia[n] 7 June 1974
(age 51) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar [198]
181 Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM* Colombia 29 March 1942
(age 83) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena [199]
182 Arrigo Miglio* Italy 18 July 1942
(age 83) 		CP 27 August 2022
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari [200]
183 Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM Jerusalem[o] 21 April 1965
(age 60) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem [201]
184 Stephen Brislin South Africa 24 September 1956
(age 69) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Johannesburg [202]
185 Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ Argentina 11 August 1958
(age 67) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Córdoba [203]
186 Luis José Rueda Aparicio Colombia 3 March 1962
(age 64) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Bogotá [204]
187 Grzegorz Ryś Poland 9 February 1964
(age 62) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Kraków [205]
188 Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla South Sudan 10 January 1964
(age 62) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Juba [206]
189 José Cobo Cano Spain 20 September 1965
(age 60) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Madrid [207]
190 Protase Rugambwa Tanzania 31 May 1960
(age 65) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop of Tabora [208]
191 Sebastian Francis Malaysia 11 November 1951
(age 74) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Penang [209]
192 Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ China
(Hong Kong)[f] 		7 August 1959
(age 66) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Hong Kong [210]
193 François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv France[p] 23 November 1968
(age 57) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Ajaccio [211]
194 Américo Aguiar Portugal 12 December 1973
(age 52) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Bishop of Setúbal [212]
195 Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez* Venezuela 17 May 1939
(age 86) 		CP 30 September 2023
Francis 		Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná [213]
196 Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio Peru 28 February 1950
(age 76) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Lima [214]
197 Vicente Bokalic Iglic CM Argentina 11 June 1952
(age 73) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Santiago del Estero [214]
198 Luis Cabrera Herrera OFM Ecuador 11 October 1955
(age 70) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Guayaquil [214]
199 Fernando Chomalí Garib Chile 10 March 1957
(age 69) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Santiago de Chile [214]
200 Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi SVD Japan 1 November 1958
(age 67) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Tokyo [214]
201 Pablo Virgilio David Philippines 2 March 1959
(age 67) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Bishop of Kalookan [214]
202 Ladislav Nemet SVD Serbia[q] 7 September 1956
(age 69) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Belgrade [214]
203 Jaime Spengler OFM Brazil 6 September 1960
(age 65) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Porto Alegre [214]
204 Ignace Bessi Dogbo Ivory Coast 17 August 1961
(age 64) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Abidjan [214]
205 Jean-Paul Vesco OP Algeria[r] 10 March 1962
(age 64) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Algiers [214]
206 Dominique Mathieu OFMConv Iran[s] 13 June 1963
(age 62) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan [214]
207 Roberto Repole Italy 29 January 1967
(age 59) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa [214]
208 Baldassare Reina Italy 26 November 1970
(age 55) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [214]
209 Frank Leo Canada 30 June 1971
(age 54) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Toronto [214]
210 Mykola Bychok CSsR Australia[t] 13 February 1980
(age 46) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne
(Ukrainian Greek Church) 		[214]
211 Domenico Battaglia Italy 20 January 1963
(age 63) 		CP 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archbishop of Naples [214]
212 Dominique Mamberti France 7 March 1952
(age 74) 		CD 14 February 2015
Francis 		Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura[c] [215]
213 Mario Zenari* Italy 5 January 1946
(age 80) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus [216]
214 Kevin Farrell United States[u] 2 September 1947
(age 78) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life[c] and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [217]
215 Ernest Simoni* Albania 18 October 1928
(age 97) 		CD 19 November 2016
Francis 		Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[v] [218]
216 Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ* Spain 19 April 1944
(age 81) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith [219]
217 Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[w] Italy 2 June 1948
(age 77) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [222]
218 Konrad Krajewski Poland 25 November 1963
(age 62) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Archbishop of Łódź [223]
219 Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* Spain 17 May 1938
(age 87) 		CD 28 June 2018
Francis 		Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary [224]
220 José Tolentino de Mendonça Portugal 15 December 1965
(age 60) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education[c] [225]
221 Michael Czerny SJ Canada[x] 18 July 1946
(age 79) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development[c] [226]
222 Michael Fitzgerald MAfr* United Kingdom 17 August 1937
(age 88) 		CD 5 October 2019
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus [227]
223 Mario Grech Malta 20 February 1957
(age 69) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops [228]
224 Marcello Semeraro Italy 22 December 1947
(age 78) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints[c] [229]
225 Mauro Gambetti OFMConv Italy 27 October 1965
(age 60) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter [230]
226 Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* Italy 12 October 1940
(age 85) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta [231]
227 Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* Italy 22 July 1934
(age 91) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Preacher emeritus of the Papal Household[v] [232]
228 Enrico Feroci* Italy 27 August 1940
(age 85) 		CD 28 November 2020
Francis 		Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome [233]
229 Arthur Roche United Kingdom 6 March 1950
(age 76) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[c] [234]
230 Lazarus You Heung-sik South Korea 17 November 1951
(age 74) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy[c] [235]
231 Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC* Spain 1 March 1945
(age 81) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [236]
232 Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ* Italy 5 July 1942
(age 83) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[v] [237]
233 Fortunato Frezza* Italy 6 February 1942
(age 84) 		CD 27 August 2022
Francis 		Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter [238]
234 Claudio Gugerotti Italy 7 October 1955
(age 70) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches[c] [239]
235 Víctor Manuel Fernández Argentina 18 July 1962
(age 63) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith[c] [240]
236 Emil Paul Tscherrig Switzerland 3 February 1947
(age 79) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus [241]
237 Christophe Pierre* France 30 January 1946
(age 80) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus [242]
238 Ángel Fernández Artime SDB Spain 21 August 1960
(age 65) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life [243]
239 Agostino Marchetto* Italy 28 August 1940
(age 85) 		CD 30 September 2023
Francis 		Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [244]
240 Angelo Acerbi* Italy 23 September 1925
(age 100) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Apostolic Nuncio emeritus [214]
241 Rolandas Makrickas Lithuania 31 January 1972
(age 54) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [214]
242 Timothy Radcliffe OP* United Kingdom 22 August 1945
(age 80) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Master emeritus of the Order of Preachers[v] [214]
243 Fabio Baggio CS Italy 15 January 1965
(age 61) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development [214]
244 George Koovakad India 11 August 1973
(age 52) 		CD 7 December 2024
Francis 		Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue[c]
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[214]


Demographics of the College of Cardinals

As of 19 February 2026, 121 of 244 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The current threshold number of votes needed to be elected pope with the required two-thirds supermajority is 81, assuming that all 121 cardinal electors were to participate in a conclave (and notwithstanding the maximum of 120 electors specified in Universi Dominici gregis).[3][245]

Cardinals by appointing pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope All cardinals Cardinal electors
No. Name CB CP CD Total CB CP CD Total
264 John Paul II
(1978–2005) 		5 35 0 40 0 4 0 4
265 Benedict XVI
(2005–2013) 		4 54 0 58 2 16 0 18
266 Francis
(2013–2025) 		3 110 33 146 2 80 17 99
Total 12 199 33 244 4 100 17 121

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including five cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

Particular church sui iuris All cardinals Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western) 237 116
Eastern Churches Chaldean Church 1 1
Ethiopian Church 1 1
Maronite Church 1 0
Syro-Malabar Church 2 1
Syro-Malankara Church 1 1
Ukrainian Greek Church 1 1
Subtotal 7 5
Total 244 121

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 63 cardinals, including 32 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 27 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. In this table, the common name for the members of an institute or society, if different from its formal name, is given in brackets.

Post-nominal Institute or society All cardinals Cardinal electors
CJM Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) 1 0
CM Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists) 3 2
CMF Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians) 2 0
CS Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) 2 1
CSC Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) 1 0
CSSp Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans) 2 1
CSsR Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) 2 2
IMC Institute of Consolata Missionaries 1 1
ISch Institute of Schönstatt Fathers 1 0
ISPX Pius X Secular Institute 1 1
IVD Voluntas Dei Institute 1 0
LC Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ 1 0
MAfr Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) 1 0
MSC Missionaries of the Sacred Heart 1 1
OAR Order of Augustinian Recollects 1 0
OCD Order of Discalced Carmelites 1 1
OCist Order of Cistercians 1 1
OFM Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) 5 4
OFMCap Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) 4 1
OFMConv Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) 3 3
OMI Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) 1 0
OMM Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) 1 0
OP Order of Preachers (Dominicans) 4 2
PSS Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) 1 0
SDB Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) 10 5
SJ Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 9 4
SVD Society of the Divine Word (Verbites) 2 2
None Secular clergy 181 89
Total 244 121

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.[246] The statistics for the global distribution of Catholics in the table below are sourced from the 2023 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church), published in 2025.[247]

Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors Percentage of global Catholic population (2023)
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Africa 28 11.5% 14 11.6% 20.0%
North America 35 14.3% 19 15.7% 20.4%
South America 30 12.3% 17 14.0% 27.4%
Asia 37 15.2% 22 18.2% 11.0%
Europe 110 45.1% 45 37.2% 20.4%
Oceania 4 1.6% 4 3.3% 0.8%
Total 244 100.0% 121 100.0% 100.0%

Cardinals by country

At present, 92 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 66 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (50), the United States (16), and Spain (13). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (16), the United States (9), and Brazil (7).

Country Continent All cardinals Cardinal electors
Albania Europe 1 0
Algeria Africa 1 1
Argentina South America 6 4
Australia Oceania 1 1
Austria Europe 1 0
Bangladesh Asia 1 0
Belgium Europe 1 1
Bolivia South America 1 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1 0
Brazil South America 8 7
Burkina Faso Africa 1 0
Canada North America 5 4
Cape Verde Africa 1 1
Central African Republic Africa 1 1
Chile South America 4 1
Colombia South America 3 1
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 1 1
Croatia Europe 1 1
Cuba North America 1 1
Dominican Republic North America 1 0
East Timor Asia 1 1
Ecuador South America 1 1
El Salvador North America 1 0
Ethiopia Africa 1 1
France Europe 7 4
Germany Europe 6 3
Ghana Africa 1 1
Guatemala North America 1 1
Guinea Africa 1 0
Haiti North America 1 1
Honduras North America 1 0
Hong Kong Asia 3 1
Hungary Europe 1 1
India Asia 6 4
Indonesia Asia 2 1
Iran Asia 1 1
Iraq Asia 1 1
Ireland Europe 1 0
Italy Europe 50 16
Ivory Coast Africa 2 1
Japan Asia 2 2
Jerusalem[o] Asia 1 1
Kenya Africa 1 0
South Korea Asia 2 1
Laos Asia 1 0
Latvia Europe 1 0
Lebanon Asia 1 0
Lithuania Europe 3 1
Luxembourg Europe 1 1
Madagascar Africa 1 1
Malaysia Asia 1 1
Mali Africa 1 0
Malta Europe 1 1
Mauritius Africa 1 0
Mexico North America 6 2
Mongolia Asia 1 1
Morocco Africa 1 1
Mozambique Africa 1 0
Myanmar Asia 1 1
Netherlands Europe 1 1
New Zealand Oceania 1 1
Nicaragua North America 1 1
Nigeria Africa 4 1
Pakistan Asia 1 0
Panama North America 1 0
Papua New Guinea Oceania 1 1
Paraguay South America 1 1
Peru South America 3 1
Philippines Asia 5 3
Poland Europe 5 3
Portugal Europe 6 4
Rwanda Africa 1 1
Senegal Africa 1 0
Serbia Europe 1 1
Singapore Asia 1 1
Slovenia Europe 1 0
South Africa Africa 2 1
South Sudan Africa 1 1
Spain Europe 13 3
Sri Lanka Asia 1 1
Sudan Africa 1 0
Sweden Europe 1 1
Switzerland Europe 2 2
Tanzania Africa 1 1
Thailand Asia 2 1
Tonga Oceania 1 1
Uganda Africa 1 0
United Kingdom Europe 4 1
United States North America 16 9
Uruguay South America 1 1
Venezuela South America 2 0
Vietnam Asia 2 0
Total 244 121

See also

Notes

  1. Each cardinal bishop is titularly assigned to one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses, with the exception of the dean of the College of Cardinals, who is the titular bishop of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original suburbicarian diocese when first appointed a cardinal bishop. "Co-opted" cardinal bishops and Eastern Catholic patriarchs are not assigned to a suburbicarian diocese.[1][10][11]
  2. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
  3. Since 9 May 2025, this office in the Roman Curia has been exercised provisionally following the election of Pope Leo XIV.[21]
  4. Schönborn was born to a Sudeten German family in the Sudetenland (in the present-day Czech Republic), then part of Nazi Germany. His family was later expelled from Czechoslovakia to Austria, and he served as a bishop there from 1991 to 2025.
  5. Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
  6. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
  7. Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
  8. The Holy See Press Office's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, but previously stated that he was "born in 1944"[84] and used 31 December 1944 as his date of birth on its list of cardinal electors.[85]
  9. Ezzati was born in Italy, emigrated to Chile as a young man, and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
  10. Ouédraogo's actual date of birth is unknown. In the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontificio, the annual directory of the Holy See, his birth date was revised from 25 January 1945 to 31 December, a placeholder date used by the Burkina Faso government. Ouédraogo adopted 25 January as his date of birth "at random" to enrol in a health-insurance programme in 1973.[130]
  11. Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
  12. López Romero was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2018.
  13. Aós Braco was born in Spain and served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
  14. Marengo was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Mongolia since 2020.
  15. The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City in East Jerusalem, is multinational and encompasses Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. In its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, the Holy See Press Office lists Pizzaballa's country as "Jerusalem".[248] Pizzaballa was born in Italy and has served as a bishop in Jerusalem since 2016.
  16. Bustillo was born in Spain and has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
  17. Nemet was born in Serbia into an ethnically Hungarian family and describes himself as Hungarian. He has worked in Serbia since 2008.
  18. Vesco was born in France and has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
  19. Mathieu was born in Belgium and has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
  20. Bychok was born in Ukraine and has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.
  21. Farrell was born in Ireland, was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
  22. Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
  23. Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector since then.[220][221]
  24. Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in the present-day Czech Republic) and emigrated to Canada as a child.
  1. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002[15]
  2. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  3. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
  4. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
  5. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
  6. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  7. Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
  8. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  9. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
  10. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
  11. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
  12. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
  13. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
  14. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
  15. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
  16. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
  17. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
  18. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
  19. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024

References

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  22. "Parolin Card. Pietro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
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  24. "Filoni Card. Fernando". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  25. "Stella Card. Beniamino". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  26. "Tagle Card. Luis Antonio Gokim". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  27. "Raï Card. Béchara Boutros, OMM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.
  28. "Sako Card. Louis Raphaël I". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018.
  29. "Kitbunchu Card. Michael Michai". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  30. "Poupard Card. Paul". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  31. "Wetter Card. Friedrich". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  32. "López Rodríguez Card. Nicolás de Jesús". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  33. "Mahony Card. Roger Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  34. "Ruini Card. Camillo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  35. "Darmaatmadja Card. Julius Riyadi, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  36. "Wamala Card. Emmanuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  37. "Maida Card. Adam Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  38. "Puljić Card. Vinko". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  39. "Sandoval Íñiguez Card. Juan". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  40. "Stafford Card. James Francis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  41. "De Giorgi Card. Salvatore". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  42. "Rouco Varela Card. Antonio María". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  43. "Schönborn Card. Christoph, OP". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  44. "Rivera Carrera Card. Norberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017.
  45. "Pujats Card. Jānis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  46. "Sepe Card. Crescenzio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  47. "Kasper Card. Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  48. "Bačkis Card. Audrys Juozas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  49. "Errázuriz Ossa Card. Francisco Javier". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  50. "Napier Card. Wilfrid Fox, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  51. "Rodríguez Maradiaga Card. Óscar Andrés, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  52. "Cipriani Thorne Card. Juan Luis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  53. "Herranz Card. Julián". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  54. "Scola Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  55. "Okogie Card. Anthony Olubunmi". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  56. "Zubeir Wako Card. Gabriel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017.
  57. "Rigali Card. Justin Francis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  58. "Antonelli Card. Ennio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  59. "Turkson Card. Peter Kodwo Appiah". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  60. "Bozanić Card. Josip". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  61. "Pham Minh Mân Card. Jean-Baptiste". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  62. "Barbarin Card. Philippe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  63. "Erdő Card. Péter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  64. "Rodé Card. Franc, C.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  65. "Vallini Card. Agostino". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  66. "Rosales Card. Gaudencio Borbon". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  67. "Ricard Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  68. "Cañizares Llovera Card. Antonio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  69. "O'Malley Card. Seán Patrick, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  70. "Dziwisz Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  71. "Zen Ze-kiun Card. Joseph, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  72. "Lajolo Card. Giovanni". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  73. "Comastri Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  74. "Ryłko Card. Stanisław". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  75. "Farina Card. Raffaele, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  76. "Brady Card. Seán Baptist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  77. "Martínez Sistach Card. Lluís". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  78. "Bagnasco Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  79. "Sarr Card. Théodore-Adrien". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  80. "Gracias Card. Oswald". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  81. "Robles Ortega Card. Francisco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  82. "DiNardo Card. Daniel Nicholas". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017.
  83. "Scherer Card. Odilo Pedro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  84. "Njue Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  85. "Cardinals [sic] electors". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024.
  86. "Sarah Card. Robert". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  87. "Monterisi Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  88. "Burke Card. Raymond Leo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017.
  89. "Koch Card. Kurt". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016.
  90. "Piacenza Card. Mauro". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  91. "Ravasi Card. Gianfranco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  92. "Romeo Card. Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  93. "Wuerl Card. Donald William". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  94. "Assis Card. Raymundo Damasceno". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  95. "Nycz Card. Kazimierz". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  96. "Patabendige Don Card. Albert Malcolm Ranjith". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  97. "Marx Card. Reinhard". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  98. "Brandmüller Card. Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  99. "Monteiro de Castro Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  100. "Abril y Castelló Card. Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  101. "Vegliò Card. Antonio Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  102. "Bertello Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  103. "Coccopalmerio Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017.
  104. "Aviz Card. João Braz de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  105. "O'Brien Card. Edwin Frederick". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  106. "Calcagno Card. Domenico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 August 2017.
  107. "Versaldi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016.
  108. "Alencherry Card. George". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  109. "Collins Card. Thomas Christopher". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017.
  110. "Eijk Card. Willem Jacobus". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017.
  111. "Betori Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017.
  112. "Dolan Card. Timothy Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017.
  113. "Woelki Card. Rainer Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  114. "Tong Hon Card. John". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  115. "Harvey Card. James Michael". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  116. "Baselios Card. Cleemis". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023.
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  118. "Salazar Gómez Card. Rubén". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
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  122. "Brenes Solórzano Card. Leopoldo José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
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  124. "Kutwa Card. Jean-Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  125. "Tempesta Card. Orani João, OCist". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  126. "Bassetti Card. Gualtiero". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  127. "Poli Card. Mario Aurelio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017.
  128. "Yeom Soo-jung Card. Andrew". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  129. "Ezzati Andrello Card. Ricardo, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  130. de Pontac, Gonzague (18 March 2025). "Age mix-up restores Burkina Faso's eligibility to vote in next conclave". La Croix International. Archived from the original on 20 March 2025.
  131. "Ouédraogo Card. Philippe Nakellentuba". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  132. "Quevedo Card. Orlando Beltran, OMI". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  133. "Langlois Card. Chibly". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  134. "Clemente Card. Manuel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017.
  135. "Souraphiel Card. Berhaneyesus Demerew, C.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  136. "Dew Card. John Atcherley". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 October 2017.
  137. "Nguyên Văn Nhon Card. Pierre". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  138. "Suárez Inda Card. Alberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  139. "Bo Card. Charles Maung, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017.
  140. "Kovithavanij Card. Francis Xavier Kriengsak". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  141. "Montenegro Card. Francesco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
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  143. "Blázquez Pérez Card. Ricardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  144. "Lacunza Maestrojuán Card. José Luis, OAR". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  145. "Furtado Card. Arlindo Gomes". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  146. "Mafi Card. Soane Patita Paini". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  147. "Villalba Card. Luis Héctor". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  148. "Langa Card. Júlio Duarte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  149. "Nzapalainga Card. Dieudonné, C.S.Sp". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016.
  150. "Osoro Sierra Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016.
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  157. "Aguiar Retes Card. Carlos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
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  160. "Zerbo Card. Jean". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  161. "Omella Card. Juan José". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  162. "Arborelius Card. Anders, OCD". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  163. "Mangkhanekhoun Card. Louis-Marie Ling, I.V.D." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  164. "Rosa Chávez Card. Gregorio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  165. "De Donatis Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  166. "Coutts Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  167. "Marto Card. António Augusto dos Santos". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018.
  168. "Barreto Jimeno Card. Pedro Ricardo, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018.
  169. "Tsarahazana Card. Désiré". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  170. "Petrocchi Card. Giuseppe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018.
  171. "Maeda Card. Thomas Aquino Manyo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  172. "Porco Ticona Card. Toribio". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022.
  173. "Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Card. Ignatius". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019.
  174. "García Rodríguez Card. Juan de la Caridad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019.
  175. "Ambongo Besungu Card. Fridolin, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019.
  176. "Hollerich Card. Jean-Claude, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019.
  177. "Ramazzini Imeri Card. Álvaro Leonel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019.
  178. "Zuppi Card. Matteo Maria". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020.
  179. "López Romero Card. Cristóbal, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019.
  180. "Tamkevičius Card. Sigitas, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020.
  181. "Kambanda Card. Antoine". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  182. "Gregory Card. Wilton Daniel". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  183. "Advincula Card. Jose Fuerte". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  184. "Aós Braco Card. Celestino, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  185. "Lojudice Card. Augusto Paolo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  186. "Arizmendi Esquivel Card. Felipe". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  187. "Aveline Card. Jean-Marc". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  188. "Okpaleke Card. Peter Ebere". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  189. "Steiner Card. Leonardo Ulrich, OFM". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  190. "Ferrão Card. Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  191. "McElroy Card. Robert Walter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  192. "do Carmo da Silva Card. Virgilio, S.D.B." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  193. "Cantoni Card. Oscar". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  194. "Poola Card. Anthony". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  195. "Costa Card. Paulo Ceza". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  196. "Goh Card. William Seng Chye". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  197. "Martínez Flores Card. Adalberto". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  198. "Marengo Card. Giorgio, I.M.C." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  199. "Jiménez Carvajal Card. Jorge Enrique, C.I.M." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  200. "Miglio Card. Arrigo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 August 2022.
  201. "Pizzaballa Card. Pierbattista, OFM". Holy See Press Office.
  202. "Brislin Card. Stephen". Holy See Press Office.
  203. "Rossi Card. Ángel Sixto, S.I." Holy See Press Office.
  204. "Rueda Aparicio Card. Luis José". Holy See Press Office.
  205. "Ryś Card. Grzegorz". Holy See Press Office.
  206. "Mulla Card. Stephen Ameyu Martin". Holy See Press Office.
  207. "Cobo Cano Card. José". Holy See Press Office.
  208. "Rugambwa Card. Protase". Holy See Press Office.
  209. "Francis Card. Sebastian". Holy See Press Office.
  210. "Chow Sau-yan Card. Stephen, S.I." Holy See Press Office.
  211. "Bustsillo Card. François-Xavier, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office.
  212. "Aguiar Alves Card. Américo Manuel". Holy See Press Office.
  213. "Padrón Sánchez Card. Diego Rafael". Holy See Press Office.
  214. "Announcement of Consistory on 8 December for the creation of new Cardinals, 06.10.2024" (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 6 October 2024.
  215. "Mamberti Card. Dominique". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017.
  216. "Zenari Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016.
  217. "Farrell Card. Kevin Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016.
  218. "Simoni Card. Ernest". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017.
  219. "Ladaria Ferrer Card. Luis Francisco, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018.
  220. "Rinunce e nomine (continuazione)" [Resignations and Appointments (continued)] (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 24 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020.
  221. Condon, Ed (3 December 2020). "Analysis: Is there a road back for Cardinal Becciu?". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021.
  222. "Becciu Card. Giovanni Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  223. "Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018.
  224. "Bocos Merino Card. Aquilino, C.M.F." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018.
  225. "Mendonça Card. José Tolentino de". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022.
  226. "Czerny Card. Michael, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020.
  227. "Fitzgerald Card. Michael Louis, M. Afr". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020.
  228. "Grech Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  229. "Semeraro Card. Marcello". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  230. "Gambetti Card. Mauro, OFMConv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  231. "Tomasi Card. Silvano Maria, C.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
  232. "Cantalamessa Card. Raniero, OFMCap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020.
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