The Canadian province of Manitoba was created in 1870.[1] Manitoba has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the premier is the leader of the party that controls the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The premier is Manitoba's head of government, and the King of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. The premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of Manitoba, and then presides over that body.[2]
Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every four years from the date of the last election, but the premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also happen if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.[3]
Before 1888, Manitoba had no formal party system; premiers were officially non-partisan and were chosen by elected members of the Legislative Assembly from among themselves.[4]
Manitoba has had 24 individuals serve as premier since the province was formed, of which six were non-partisan, nine were Progressive Conservatives, four were Liberals, five were New Democrats and one was Progressive. However, during the early years of the province, the leading minister in the legislature was designated provincial secretary and the government was de facto led by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba; it was not until 1874 that responsible government was introduced and the title of "premier" used.[5] The early provincial secretaries, as the most prominent elected officials in the province, are retroactively counted as premiers in modern sources.
This article only covers the time since the province was created in 1870. Before that, the territory was part of the District of Assiniboia in Rupert's Land, and was loosely controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company.[6]
Wab Kinew is the incumbent premier, since October 2023.
On December 7, 2023, Louis Riel was granted the honorary title of "First Premier of Manitoba" after the Louis Riel Act received royal assent.[7][8] As it is an honorary title, however, Alfred Boyd remains the official first premier of the province.
Premiers of Manitoba
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Electoral mandates (Assembly) | Political party | Parliamentary seat | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Ministers of Manitoba | |||||||||
| 1 | Alfred Boyd (1835–1908) | 16 September 1870 – 14 December 1871 | Title created (caretaker government)
1870 election (1st Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for St. Andrews North | [9] | |||
| Officially titled as the Provincial Secretary of Manitoba until January 1871 and Minister of Public Works and Agriculture until December. In practice, Lieutenant Governor Adams Archibald acted as head of the executive branch of government. | |||||||||
| 2 (1 of 2) | Marc-Amable Girard (1822–1892) | 14 December 1871 – 14 March 1872 | Appointment (1st Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for St. Boniface East | [9] | |||
| Officially titled as the Provincial Treasurer during the time he is credited as being chief minister. In practice, Lieutenant Governor Adams Archibald acted as head of the executive branch of government. | |||||||||
| 3 | Henry Joseph Clarke (1833–1889) | 14 March 1872 – 8 July 1874 | Appointment (1st Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for St. Charles | [9] | |||
| Officially titled as Attorney-General during the time he is credited as being chief minister. In practice, Lieutenant Governor Adams Archibald acted as head of the executive branch of government. | |||||||||
| Premiers of Manitoba | |||||||||
| — (2 of 2) | Marc-Amable Girard (1822–1892) | 8 July 1874 – 2 December 1874 | Appointment (1st Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for St. Boniface East | [9] | |||
| 4 | Robert Atkinson Davis (1841–1903) | 3 December 1874 – 16 October 1878 | Appointment (1st Leg.)
1874 election (2nd Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for Winnipeg and St. John (1874) MLA for Winnipeg | [9] | |||
| 5 | John Norquay (1841–1889) | 16 October 1878 – 24 December 1887 | Appointment (2nd Leg.)
1878 election (3rd Leg.) 1879 election (4th Leg.) 1883 election (5th Leg.) 1886 election (6th Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for St. Andrews South (1878-1879) MLA for St. Andrews | [9] | |||
| 6 | David Howard Harrison (1843–1905) | 26 December 1887 – 19 January 1888 | Appointment (6th Leg.) | Non-partisan | MLA for Minnedosa West | [9] | |||
| 7 | Thomas Greenway (1838–1908) | 19 January 1888 – 6 January 1900 | Appointment (6th Leg.)
1888 election (7th Leg.) 1892 election (8th Leg.) 1896 election (9th Leg.) | Liberal | MLA for Mountain | [9] | |||
| 8 | Hugh John Macdonald (1850–1929) | 10 January 1900 – 29 October 1900 | 1899 election (10th Leg.) | Conservative | MLA for Winnipeg South | [9] | |||
| 9 | Rodmond Roblin (1853–1937) | 29 October 1900 – 12 May 1915 | Appointment (10th Leg.)
1903 election (11th Leg.) 1907 election (12th Leg.) 1910 election (13th Leg.) 1914 election (14th Leg.) | Conservative | MLA for Woodlands (1900-1903) MLA for Dufferin | [9] | |||
| 10 | Tobias Norris (1861–1936) | 12 May 1915 – 8 August 1922 | Appointment (14th Leg.)
1915 election (15th Leg.) 1920 election (16th Leg.) | Liberal | MLA for Lansdowne | [9] | |||
| 11 | John Bracken (1883–1969) | 8 August 1922 – 14 January 1943 | 1922 election (17th Leg.)
1927 election (18th Leg.) 1932 election (19th Leg.) 1936 election (20th Leg.) 1941 election (21st Leg.) | Progressive | MLA for The Pas | [9] | |||
| 12 | Stuart Garson (1898–1977) | 14 January 1943 – 13 November 1948 | Appointment (21st Leg.)
1945 election (22nd Leg.) | Liberal–Progressive | MLA for Fairford | [9] | |||
| 13 | Douglas Lloyd Campbell (1895–1995) | 13 November 1948 – 30 June 1958 | Appointment (22nd Leg.)
1949 election (23rd Leg.) 1953 election (24th Leg.) | Liberal–Progressive | MLA for Lakeside | [9] | |||
| 14 | Dufferin Roblin (1917–2010) | 30 June 1958 – 27 November 1967 | 1958 election (25th Leg.)
1959 election (26th Leg.) 1962 election (27th Leg.) 1966 election (28th Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 1954) | MLA for Wolseley | [9] | |||
| 15 | Walter Weir (1929–1985) | 27 November 1967 – 15 July 1969 | Appointment (28th Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 1967) | MLA for Minnedosa | [9] | |||
| 16 | Edward Schreyer (b. 1935) | 15 July 1969 – 24 October 1977 | 1969 election (29th Leg.)
1973 election (30th Leg.) | New Democratic (Ldr. 1969) | MLA for Rossmere | [10] | |||
| 17 | Sterling Lyon (1927–2010) | 24 October 1977 – 30 November 1981 | 1977 election (31st Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 1975) | MLA for Charleswood | [9] | |||
| 18 | Howard Pawley (1934–2015) | 30 November 1981 – 9 May 1988 | 1981 election (32nd Leg.)
1986 election (33rd Leg.) | New Democratic (Ldr. 1979) | MLA for Selkirk | [10] | |||
| 19 | Gary Filmon (b. 1942) | 9 May 1988 – 5 October 1999 | 1988 election (34th Leg.)
1990 election (35th Leg.) 1995 election (36th Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 1983) | MLA for Tuxedo | [10] | |||
| 20 | Gary Doer (b. 1948) | 5 October 1999 – 19 October 2009 | 1999 election (37th Leg.)
2003 election (38th Leg.) 2007 election (39th Leg.) | New Democratic (Ldr. 1988) | MLA for Concordia | [10] | |||
| 21 | Greg Selinger (b. 1951) | 19 October 2009 – 3 May 2016 | Appointment (39th Leg.)
2011 election (40th Leg.) | New Democratic (Ldr. 2009, 2015) | MLA for St. Boniface | [10] | |||
| 22 | Brian Pallister (b. 1954) | 3 May 2016 – 1 September 2021 | 2016 election (41st Leg.)
2019 election (42nd Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 2012 acclamation) | MLA for Fort Whyte | [10] | |||
| 23 | Kelvin Goertzen (b. 1969) | 1 September 2021 – 2 November 2021 | Appointment (42nd Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 2021 interim appointment) | MLA for Steinbach | [10] | |||
| 24 | Heather Stefanson (b. 1970) | 2 November 2021 – 18 October 2023 | Appointment (42nd Leg.) | Progressive Conservative (Ldr. 2021) | MLA for Tuxedo | [10] | |||
| 25 | Wab Kinew (b. 1981) | 18 October 2023 – incumbent | 2023 election (43rd Leg.) | New Democratic (Ldr. 2017) | MLA for Fort Rouge | [10] | |||
List of premiers by time in office
| Rank | Premier | Incumbency | Terms of office | Mandates | Party | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | John Bracken | 20 years, 159 days | August 8, 1922 | January 14, 1943 | 5[a] | █ Progressive | [9] |
| 2 | Rodmond Roblin | 14 years, 195 days | October 29, 1900 | May 12, 1915 | 4 | █ Conservative | [9] |
| 3 | Thomas Greenway | 11 years, 352 days | January 19, 1888 | January 6, 1900 | 3 | █ Liberal | [9] |
| 4 | Gary Filmon | 11 years, 149 days | May 9, 1988 | October 5, 1999 | 3 | █ Progressive Conservative | [10] |
| 5 | Gary Doer | 10 years, 14 days | October 5, 1999 | October 19, 2009 | 3 | █ New Democratic | [10] |
| 6 | Douglas Lloyd Campbell | 9 years, 229 days | November 13, 1948 | June 30, 1958 | 2 | █ Liberal–Progressive | [9] |
| 7 | Dufferin Roblin | 9 years, 150 days | June 30, 1958 | November 27, 1967 | 4 | █ Progressive Conservative | [9] |
| 8 | John Norquay | 9 years, 69 days | October 16, 1878 | December 24, 1887 | 4 | █ Independent | [9] |
| 9 | Edward Schreyer | 8 years, 101 days | July 15, 1969 | October 24, 1977 | 2 | █ New Democratic | [10] |
| 10 | Tobias Norris | 7 years, 88 days | May 12, 1915 | August 8, 1922 | 2 | █ Liberal | [9] |
| 11 | Greg Selinger | 6 years, 197 days | October 19, 2009 | May 3, 2016 | 1 | █ New Democratic | [10] |
| 12 | Howard Pawley | 6 years, 161 days | November 30, 1981 | May 9, 1988 | 2 | █ New Democratic | [10] |
| 13 | Stuart Garson | 5 years, 304 days | January 14, 1943 | November 13, 1948 | 1 | █ Liberal–Progressive | [9] |
| 14 | Brian Pallister | 5 years, 121 days | May 5, 2016 | September 1, 2021 | 2 | █ Conservative | |
| 15 | Sterling Lyon | 4 years, 24 days | October 24, 1977 | November 17, 1981 | 1 | █ Conservative | [9] |
| 16 | Robert Atkinson Davis | 3 years, 317 days | December 3, 1874 | October 16, 1878 | 1 | █ Independent | [9] |
| 17 | Wab Kinew (incumbent) | 2 years, 151 days | October 18, 2023 | Incumbent | 1 | █ New Democratic | |
| 18 | Henry Joseph Clarke | 2 years, 116 days | March 14, 1872 | July 8, 1874 | 0 | █ Independent | [9] |
| 19 | Heather Stefanson | 1 year, 350 days | November 2, 2021 | October 18, 2023 | 0 | █ Conservative | |
| 20 | Walter Weir | 1 year, 230 days | November 27, 1967 | July 15, 1969 | 0 | █ Conservative | [9] |
| 21 | Alfred Boyd | 1 year, 89 days | September 16, 1870 | December 14, 1871 | 1 | █ Independent | [9] |
| 22 | Hugh John Macdonald | 292 days | January 10, 1900 | October 29, 1900 | 1 | █ Conservative | [9] |
| 23 | Marc-Amable Girard | 91 days | December 14, 1871 | March 14, 1872 | 0 | █ Independent | [9] |
| 24 | Kelvin Goertzen | 62 days | September 1, 2021 | November 2, 2021 | 0 | █ Progressive Conservative | |
| 25 | David Howard Harrison | 24 days | December 26, 1887 | January 19, 1888 | 0 | █ Independent | [9] |
See also
- Premier of Manitoba
- List of premiers of Manitoba by time in office
- Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba)
Notes
- Includes the 1922 election won by the leaderless Progressives who asked Bracken to lead their government after the election.
References
- General
- "Dates of Manitoba General Elections". Elections Manitoba.
- "Provincial Premiers". Elections Manitoba.
- Specific
- "Entered Confederation: 1870". Library and Archives Canada. May 10, 2001. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008.
- "Roles and Responsibilities". Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008.
- "Legislative Terminology" (PDF). Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. Government of Manitoba. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2014.
- "Friendly Rivalries: Manitoba Elections Since 1966". CBC.
- Davd Burley, "The Emergence of the Premiership, 1870-1874," Manitoba Premiers of the 19th and 20th centuries, Barry Ferguson and Robert Wardhaugh, eds., Great Plains, 2010
- "Territorial Evolution, 1870". Natural Resources Canada. April 6, 2004.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - The Louis Riel Act, S.M. 2023, c. 48
- Buffie, Nicole (February 19, 2024). "Riel Formally Recognized as First Premier". Winnipeg Free Press.
- "Biographies of Deceased Members". Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. August 4, 2009.
- "Biographies of Living Members". Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. November 4, 2009.