Formula One (F1) is the highest class of open-wheel racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The formula in the name alludes to a series of rules established by the FIA to which all participants and vehicles are required to conform.[1][2] Constructors are people or corporate entities which design key parts of Formula One cars that have competed or are intended to compete in the FIA Formula One World Championship. Since 1981, it has been a requirement that each competitor must have the exclusive rights to the use of certain key parts of their car; in 2018, these parts were the survival cell, the front impact structure, the roll structures and bodywork.[3]

Each year, the F1 World Championship season is held, consisting of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.[4] Constructors are awarded points based on the finishing position of each of their two drivers at each Grand Prix, and the constructor who accumulates the most points over each championship is crowned that year's World Constructors' Champion.[5] As of the 2026 Chinese Grand Prix, there have been 174 Formula One constructors who have raced at least one of the 1,151 FIA World Championship races since the first such event, the 1950 British Grand Prix.[6][7]

Ferrari holds the record for the most Constructors' and Drivers' Championships won with sixteen and fifteen, respectively.[8][9] Ferrari also holds the record for the most wins by a constructor with 248,[10] the most pole positions with 254,[11] the most points with 10789,[12] and the most podiums with 838.[13] Ferrari has also entered more Grands Prix than any other constructor with 1126 entries and also maintains the record for the most Grand Prix starts with 1124.[14] The most recent constructors to make their debut were Audi and Cadillac, who debuted at the 2026 Australian Grand Prix.[15]

Terminology

In Formula One racing the terms "constructor" and "entrant" have specific and differing meanings. An entrant is the person or corporate entity that registers a car and driver for a race, and is then responsible for preparing and maintaining that car during the race weekend. As a result of this preparation role and active involvement in the running of the race, the term "team" has become commonly applied to an entrant organisation. Statisticians do not always agree on how to count statistics related to these entities.[16]

Constructors

Under Article 6.3 of the FIA Sporting Regulations, "A constructor is the person (including any corporate or unincorporated body) which designs the Listed Parts set out in Appendix 6. The make of an engine or chassis is the name attributed to it by its constructor."[3] These "listed parts" include the survival cell, the front impact structure, the roll structures and bodywork. However, if the chassis and engine are made by different entities, the constructor comprises both (e.g. McLaren-Mercedes, Lotus-Climax etc.), with the name of the chassis constructor being placed before that of the engine constructor.[3][17] As both chassis and engine are included in the constructor name, chassis run with different engines are counted as two separate constructors and score points separately.[3] This occurred for the last time in the 1985 season when the Tyrrell team ran their chassis powered by both Ford and Renault engines, scored points with both engines and thus finishing 9th as Tyrrell-Ford and 10th as Tyrrell-Renault in the World Constructors' Championship.

Under article 6.2 of the FIA sporting regulations, "The title of Formula One World Champion Constructor will be awarded to the competitor which has scored the highest number of points".[3] From the inaugural season of the World Constructors' Championship in 1958 up until the 1978 season only the highest-scoring driver in each race for each constructor contributed points towards the World Constructors' Championship (then officially as the International Cup for Formula One Constructors); since the 1979 season points from all cars entered by each constructor have counted towards their championship total.

Teams

Since the 1981 season the FIA have required that Formula One entrants own the intellectual rights to the chassis that they enter, and so the distinction between the terms "entrant" and "constructor", and hence also "team", have become less pronounced, though the intellectual rights of engines may still be owned by a different entity.[a] That season also saw the International Cup for Formula One Constructors be officially renamed to the World Constructors' Championship.

Before this time, constructors were free to sell their chassis to as many other teams as they liked. Brabham and Lotus chassis were used extensively by other teams during the 1960s and 1970s and several quite competitive privateer teams never built their own chassis. Rob Walker Racing Team was the most successful example, being responsible for the first victories in Formula One for both Cooper and Lotus. The concept of a "works" or "factory" team (i.e. the official team of the company producing the cars, as opposed to a customer team which buys them off the shelf) therefore applied to chassis in the same way as it does in rallying and sports car racing.

There have been some recent exceptions where a specialist company, not itself entered in the championship, has been commissioned to design and build a chassis for a team, e.g. Lola built cars for the Larrousse team (1987-1991) and the Scuderia Italia team (1993) and Dallara built cars for the Scuderia Italia team (1988-1992). Larousse had their points from the 1990 season erased after the FIA decided that they had falsely nominated themselves and not Lola as the chassis constructor. In 1978, the new Arrows team which had been established by former Shadow personnel was sued by Shadow on the grounds that the Arrows FA/1 car was a copy of Shadow's DN9 – a view upheld by the UK High Court, which placed a ban on Arrows racing the FA/1. There have been more recent cases with Ligier (1995), Sauber (2004), Scuderia Toro Rosso (2006–2007) and Super Aguri (2007–2008) where teams have been accused of using a chassis produced by another constructor (respectively Benetton, Ferrari, Red Bull Racing and Honda). No action was taken against any of these teams, the sporting authorities being satisfied in each case that the team owned the intellectual property to the chassis they raced.

From the middle of the 1973 season (the 1973 Belgian Grand Prix)[18] until the end of the 2013 season, each team had permanent racing numbers from race to race throughout the season. Between the 1974 and 1995 seasons the numbers were based on the teams' finishing positions in the 1973 Constructors' Championship (with slight modifications, e.g. Ferrari's traditional numbers were 11–12 until 1980 and 27–28 from 1981 onwards) and each team only changed numbers if they had the driver who had won the World Drivers' Championship in the previous season – the winning driver taking the number 1 and his teammate the number 2, and the team that had previously had those numbers switching to the newly vacated ones. Between 1996 and 2013 the numbers were based on the teams' finishing positions in the Constructors' Championship from the previous season, with numbers 1 and 2 assigned to the defending champion and his teammate. During the period of 1974–1995 Tyrrell was the only team to keep the same numbers (3 and 4) every season. Since 2014, racing numbers have been assigned to drivers instead of teams.

The number of cars entered by one team into a single race was not strictly limited in the 1950s and early 1960s. Since the 1963 season teams were generally allowed to enter only two regular cars, with the third car reserved for an occasional driver. This rule was further promoted in the 1974 season when the permanent racing numbers were assigned to each team in pairs, with the third car having the racing number out of the pair. Entering more than three cars was exceptionally tolerated, most notably regarding the BRM team in the 1971 and 1972 seasons. However, many teams during this period entered only two cars, e.g. Ferrari have entered no more than two cars (with one exception at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix in connection with Lauda's comeback)[19] every season since 1973. Since the 1985 season the FIA have required that teams enter no more than two cars for a race; during this season Renault became the last team to have entered three cars for a race at the 1985 German Grand Prix, but only two of their cars were eligible for championship points.

Team's nationality

Unlike drivers who are required to compete in the FIA Formula One World Championship under the nationality of their passport[20] and in case of a multiple citizenship they can choose their "official" nationality, the FIA's International Sporting Code states that teams competing in the FIA Formula One World Championship shall compete under the nationality of their parent National Automobile Club that issued their FIA racing licence.[21] On the basis of this regulation, despite the fact that most current teams are based in the UK, only the teams licensed by the British National Sporting Authority - Aston Martin, Williams, and McLaren - represent Great Britain in Formula One.

Teams take the nationality of their parent National Automobile Club that issued their licence for the period of validity of that licence and the change of the nationality is allowed. Several teams changed their nationality during their competition in Formula One, some of them even twice (e.g. Shadow in 1976 from American to British,[22] Benetton in 1996 from British to Italian,[23] Red Bull in 2007 from British to Austrian,[24] Renault in 2011 from French to British and in 2016 back to French[25]). At the 1997 German Grand Prix Benetton became the only team to have achieved victories while racing under two nationalities. The team's nationality, determined by a racing licence that a team holds (and not by a team's base nor by a team's ownership), subsequently determines a national anthem played after a race on the podium in honour of a winning team following a national anthem played in honour of a winning driver, e.g. both in 2000 and 2001 Benetton was owned by the French company Renault and was based in Britain, yet in case of win an Italian anthem would have been played for a winning team because the French-owned British-based team held an Italian licence in both seasons.

Before the arrival of sponsorship liveries in the 1968 season the team's nationality also determined the colour of a car entered by the team; thus, Italian teams' cars were rosso corsa red, French were bleu de France blue, and British (with several exceptions, such as cars entered by teams Rob Walker,[26] Brabham[27] and McLaren[28]) were British racing green. Since the licence is given to a team and not to a constructor,[29] privateer teams entering cars built by constructors from another country before the 1968 season painted cars in the national colour of their home country, e.g. the French Guy Ligier's privateer team entered cars painted in bleu de France blue in 1966 and 1967 seasons despite the fact that they were built by the British constructor Cooper.[30]

The fact that most teams are based in the UK has led to several mistakes occurred on official entry lists issued by or podium ceremonies organized by the FIA or race organisers, e.g. Wolf[31][32] racing under a Canadian licence, and Shadow (in 1973)[33] and Penske,[34][35] both holding American licences, were all identified as British teams by official entry lists; the British national anthem was also played on the podium in honour of the Irish-licensed Jordan team and the Austrian-licensed Red Bull team when they achieved their maiden victories at the 1998 Belgian Grand Prix and 2009 Chinese Grand Prix respectively.[36][37]

Constructors for the 2026 season

Correct as of the 2026 Chinese Grand Prix

Note: Until 1965 a works team of every constructor was licensed in the country where it was in fact based. In 1965 Japanese-licensed Honda moved their works team from Tokyo, Japan to Amsterdam, Netherlands, followed in 1966 by the American-licensed Anglo American Racers team which was based in Rye, East Sussex, United Kingdom.[38] Since the early 2000s most teams have been based in the United Kingdom, and either licensed there or in another country, with the rest based in Italy (Maranello and Faenza), Switzerland (Hinwil), and the United States (Kannapolis).[39]

Key: Licensed in = Country in which the works team of respective constructor is licensed; Races Entered = Number of individual races entered; Races Started = Number of individual races started; Drivers = Number of drivers; Total Entries = Total number of race entries; Wins = Number of races won; Points = Number of World Constructors' Championship points scored; Poles = Number of pole positions; FL = Number of fastest laps; Podiums = Number of podium finishes; WCC = World Constructors' Championships won; WDC = World Drivers' Championships won.

Constructor Engine Licensed in Based in Seasons Races entered Races started Drivers Total entries Wins Points Poles FL Podiums WCC WDC Antecedent teams
Alpine Mercedes France United Kingdom 2021–present 116 116 5 232 1 545 0 1 6 0 0 Toleman (1981–1985), / Benetton (1986–2001), / Renault (2002–2011, 2016–2020), Lotus (2012–2015)
Aston Martin Honda United Kingdom United Kingdom 1959–1960,
2021–present 		122 121 7 243 0 597 0 3 9 0 0 Jordan (1991–2005), Midland (2006), Spyker (2007), Force India (2008–2018), Force India (2018), Racing Point (2019–2020)
Audi Audi Germany  Switzerland
United Kingdom
Germany 		2026–present 2 2 2 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 Sauber (1993–2005, 2011–2018),
/ BMW Sauber (2006–2010),
Alfa Romeo (2019–2023)
Kick Sauber (2024–2025)
Cadillac Ferrari United States United States
United Kingdom 		2026–present 2 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —
Ferrari Ferrari Italy Italy 1950–present 1126 1124 83 2378 248 10789 254 265 838 16 15 —
Haas Ferrari United States United States
United Kingdom
Italy 		2016–present 216 216 9 432 0 403 1 3 0 0 0 —
McLaren Mercedes United Kingdom United Kingdom 1966–present 1000 995 52 2069 203 7808.5 177 183 558 10 13 —
Mercedes Mercedes Germany United Kingdom[b] 1954–1955,
2010–present 		343 343 13 698 133 8257.5 145 116 314 8 9 Tyrrell (1970–1998), BAR (1999–2005), Honda (2006–2008), Brawn (2009)
Racing Bulls Red Bull Ford Italy Italy
United Kingdom 		2024–present 50 50 5 100 0 150 0 1 1 0 0 Minardi (1985–2005),
Toro Rosso (2006–2019)
AlphaTauri (2020–2023)
Red Bull Racing Red Bull Ford Austria[c] United Kingdom 2005–present 420 419 14 840 130 8300 111 103 297 6 8 Stewart (1997–1999), Jaguar (2000–2004)
Williams Mercedes United Kingdom United Kingdom 1978–present 853 852 49 1623 114 3776 128 134 315 9 7 —

Former constructors

Key: Licensed in = Country in which the works team of respective constructor was licensed; Races Entered = Number of individual races entered; Races Started = Number of individual races started; Drivers = Number of drivers; Total Entries = Total number of race entries; Wins = Number of races won; Points = Number of Constructors' Championship points scored; Poles = Number of pole positions; FL = Number of fastest laps; Podiums. = Number of podium finishes; WCC = Constructors' Championships won; WDC = Drivers' Championships won.

Constructor Licensed in Seasons Races Entered Races Started Drivers Total Entries Wins Points Poles FL Podiums WCC WDC
Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau Germany 1952–1953[d] 4 4 5 7 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (AGS) France 1986–1991 80 32 10 124 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Alfa Romeo Italy,
 Switzerland[e] 		1950–1951, 1979–1985, 2019–2023 214 214 23 443 10 199 12 16 26 0 2
Alfa Special[f] South Africa 1963, 1965 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AlphaTauri Italy 2020–2023 83 83 6 166 1 309 0 2 2 0 0
Alta United Kingdom 1950–1952[g] 5 5 4 6 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Amon New Zealand 1974 4 1 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Andrea Moda Italy 1992 12 1 4 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Apollon  Switzerland 1977 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arrows[h] United Kingdom 1978–2002 394 383 36 783 0 167 1 0 8 0 0
Arzani-Volpini Italy 1955 1 0 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Aston Butterworth United Kingdom 1952 4 1 2 4 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Automobili Turismo e Sport Italy 1963[i] 6 6 3 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Auto Technisches Spezialzubehör (ATS) Germany 1977–1984 107 89 15 146 0 7 0 0 0 0 0
British American Racing[j] United Kingdom 1999–2005 118 116 7 236 0 227 2 0 15 0 0
Behra-Porsche Germany 1959–1960 4 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bellasi  Switzerland 1970–1971 6 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Benetton[k] United Kingdom,
Italy[l] 		1986–2001 260 260 17 520 27 851.5 15 36 102 1 2
Boro Netherlands 1976–1977 8 6 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Brabham United Kingdom 1962–1987, 1989–1992 403 394 39 995 35 843 39 41 124 2 4
Brawn GP United Kingdom 2009 17 17 2 34 8 172 5 4 15 1 1
British Racing Motors United Kingdom 1951, 1956–1977 208 197 71 559 17 385 11 15 61 1 1
British Racing Partnership United Kingdom 1963–1964 13 13 2 19 0 11 0 0 0 0 0
Bugatti France 1956 1 1 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Caterham Malaysia 2012–2014 56 56 8 112 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cisitalia Italy 1952 1 0 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Coloni[m] Italy 1987–1991 65 13 8 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Connaught United Kingdom 1952–1959 18 17 29 52 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Connew United Kingdom 1972 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cooper Car Company United Kingdom 1950, 1952–1969 129 129 111 528 16 301 11 14 58 2 2
Dallara Italy 1988–1992 80 78 6 144 0 15 0 0 2 0 0
De Tomaso Italy 1961–1963, 1970 15 10 8 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eagle (Anglo American Racers) United States[49] 1966–1969 26 26 7 35 1 17 0 2 2 0 0
Eifelland Germany 1972 8 8 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Emeryson United Kingdom 1956, 1961–1962 6 4 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eisenacher Motorenwerk East Germany 1953 1 1 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Ecurie Nationale Belge Belgium 1962 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ensign United Kingdom 1973–1982 134 98 25 154 0 19 0 1 0 0 0
English Racing Automobiles United Kingdom 1950–1952 7 7 7 12 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
EuroBrun Italy[50] 1988–1990 46 15 5 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ferguson Research Ltd. United Kingdom 1961 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
FIRST Italy 1989 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fittipaldi Automotive (Copersucar) Brazil[51] 1975–1982 120 103 8 156 0 44 0 0 3 0 0
Fondmetal Italy 1991–1992 29 19 4 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Force India[n] (Sahara) India 2008–2018 203 203 7 406 0 987 1 5 6 0 0
Forti Italy 1995–1996 28 23 4 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Frank Williams Racing Cars[o] United Kingdom 1972–1976 61 56 25 112 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
Frazer-Nash United Kingdom 1952 4 4 2 4 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Fry United Kingdom 1959 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gilby Engineering United Kingdom 1961–1963 6 3 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gordini France 1952–1956 33 33 23 101 0 n/a 0 1 2 n/a 0
Greifzu East Germany 1953 1 1 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Hesketh United Kingdom 1974–1978 60 52 15 97 1 48 0 1 7 0 0
Hill United Kingdom 1975 11 10 6 21 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
HRT (Hispania Racing Team) Spain 2010–2012 58 56 8 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Honda Japan 1964–1968, 2006–2008 88 88 8 154 3 154 2 2 9 0 0
HWM (Hersham and Walton Motors) United Kingdom 1951–1955 16 14 15 48 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Jaguar[p] United Kingdom 2000–2004 85 85 8 170 0 49 0 0 2 0 0
JBW United Kingdom 1959–1961 6 5 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jordan[q] Ireland[53] 1991–2005 250 250 30 500 4 291 2 2 19 0 0
Kauhsen Germany 1979 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Klenk Germany 1954 1 1 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Kojima Japan 1976–1977 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurtis Kraft United States 1950–1960 12 12 129 350 5 0 6 7 16 0 0
Lambo (Modena Team) Italy 1991 16 6 2 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lancia Italy 1954–1955 4 4 4 10 0 n/a 2 1 1 n/a 0
Larrousse France 1993–1994 32 32 7 64 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
LDS South Africa 1962–1963, 1965, 1967–1968 5 5 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LEC United Kingdom 1977 5 3 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Leyton House[r] United Kingdom 1990–1991 32 30 3 64 0 8 0 0 1 0 0
Life Italy 1990 14 0 2 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ligier/Talbot Ligier[s] France 1976–1996 332 326 28 612 9 388 9 10 50 0 0
Lola[t] United Kingdom 1962–1963, 1967–1968, 1974–1975, 1985–1991, 1993, 1997 152 146 27 280 0 45 1 0 3 0 0
Lotus (1958–1994) United Kingdom 1958–1994 491 489 122 1332 79 1332 107 70 172 7 6
Lotus (2010–2011) Malaysia 2010–2011 38 38 3 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lotus (2012–2015) United Kingdom 2012–2015 77 77 5 154 2 706 0 5 25 0 0
Lyncar United Kingdom 1974–1975 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maki Japan 1974–1976 8 0 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Manor United Kingdom 2016 21 21 3 42 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
March[u] United Kingdom 1970–1977, 1981–1982, 1987–1989, 1992 208 197 54 579 3 172.5 5 7 21 0 0
Martini France 1978 9 4 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marussia[v] Russia,
United Kingdom[w] 		2012–2015 74 73 7 144 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Maserati Italy 1950–1960 77 70 106 423 9 9 10 15 37 0 2
Matra France 1967–1972 61 61 5 117 9 163 4 12 21 1 1
MBM  Switzerland 1961 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
McGuire Australia 1977 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Merzario Italy 1978–1979 31 10 3 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Midland[x] Russia 2006 18 18 2 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Milano Italy 1950 1 0 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Minardi[y] Italy 1985–2005 346 340 42 676 0 38 0 0 0 0 0
Onyx United Kingdom 1989–1990 26 17 6 52 0 6 0 0 1 0 0
O.S.C.A. Italy 1951–1953, 1958 7 4 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0
Osella[z] Italy 1980–1990 172 132 17 253 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Pacific United Kingdom 1994–1995 33 22 5 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Parnelli United States 1974–1976 16 16 1 16 0 6 0 1 0 0 0
Penske United States[61] 1974–1977 41 40 7 46 1 23 0 0 3 0 0
Porsche Germany 1957–1964 36 33 13 75 1 46 1 0 5 0 0
Prost[aa] France 1997–2001 83 83 9 166 0 35 0 0 3 0 0
RAM United Kingdom 1983–1985 44 31 8 73 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Racing Point Force India[ab] United Kingdom 2018 9 9 2 18 0 52 0 0 0 0 0
Racing Point[ac] United Kingdom 2019–2020 38 38 3 76 1 268 1 0 4 0 0
RE Rhodesia 1965 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Renault France,
United Kingdom[ad] 		1977–1985,
2002–2011,
2016–2020 		403 400 26 788 35 1777 51 33 103 2 2
Rebaque Mexico 1979 3 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rial Germany 1988–1989 32 21 6 48 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
Sauber/
BMW Sauber/
Kick Sauber[ae] 		 Switzerland
Germany[af] 		1993–2018, 2024–2025 513 510 34 998 1 939 1 5 27 0 0
Scarab United States 1960 5 2 4 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scirocco United Kingdom 1963–1964 7 5 3 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shadow United States,
United Kingdom[ag] 		1973–1980 112 103 21 240 1 67.5 3 2 7 0 0
Shannon United Kingdom 1966 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Simca-Gordini France 1950–1953 15 14 11 29 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Simtek United Kingdom 1994–1995 21 21 7 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spirit United Kingdom 1983–1985 25 23 3 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spyker[ah] Netherlands 2007 17 17 4 34 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Stebro Canada 1963 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stewart[ai] United Kingdom 1997–1999 49 49 4 98 1 47 1 0 5 0 0
Super Aguri Japan 2006–2008 39 39 5 39 0 4 0 0 0 0 0
Surtees United Kingdom 1970–1978 119 118 38 260 0 53 0 3 2 0 0
SVA Italy 1950 1 0 1 1 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Talbot-Lago France 1950–1951 13 13 18 81 0 n/a 0 0 2 n/a 0
Tec-Mec United States 1959 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tecno Italy 1972–1973 12 10 3 14 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Theodore Hong Kong 1978, 1981–1983 51 34 10 64 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Token United Kingdom 1974 4 3 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Toleman[aj] United Kingdom 1981–1985 70 53 9 131 0 26 1 2 3 0 0
Toro Rosso[ak] Italy 2006–2019 268 268 14 536 1 500 1 1 3 0 0
Toyota Japan 2002–2009 140 139 9 276 0 278.5 3 3 13 0 0
Trojan United Kingdom 1974 8 6 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tyrrell[al] United Kingdom 1970–1998 433 430 47 884 23 617 14 20 77 1 2
Vanwall United Kingdom 1954–1960 29 28 12 66 9 48 7 6 13 1 0
Venturi France 1992 16 16 2 32 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Veritas Germany 1951–1953 6 6 15 18 0 n/a 0 0 0 n/a 0
Virgin[am] United Kingdom,
Russia[an] 		2010–2011 38 38 3 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolf (Walter Wolf Racing)[ao] Canada[65][66] 1977–1979 48 47 4 54 3 79 1 2 13 0 0
Zakspeed Germany 1985–1989 74 54 7 136 0 2 0 0 0 0 0
Constructor Licensed in Seasons Races Entered Races Started Drivers Total Entries Wins Points Poles FL Podiums WCC WDC

Indianapolis 500 only

The following are constructors whose only participation was in the Indianapolis 500 from 1950 to 1960 when the race was part of the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. All were based in the United States.[67]

Privateer teams

From the inaugural 1950 British Grand Prix until the 1981 Spanish Grand Prix numerous privateer teams entered cars, built by another companies as their constructors, in World Championship events. Some of them, such as Tyrrell and Williams, later began to build their own chassis and thus became constructors as well as works teams. At the 1981 Spanish Grand Prix the Equipe Banco Occidental team became the last privateer team to have entered a car for a race alongside a works team when they entered a Williams car alongside the Williams works team.[68] During the period of the 1950–1981 seasons, privateer teams won 20 World Championship races in total. Only once (the Matra International team in 1969) a privateer team helped a constructor (Matra) to win the World Constructors' Championship and a driver (Jackie Stewart) to win the World Drivers' Championship. The following are privateer teams which never built their own chassis, and thus were not constructors:

Privateer teams by number of wins

Privateer team Number of wins First win Last win Constructor(s)
Matra International / Tyrrell Racing 10 1968 Dutch Grand Prix 1970 Spanish Grand Prix Matra* (9), March** (1)
Rob Walker Racing 9 1958 Argentine Grand Prix 1968 British Grand Prix Cooper** (4), Lotus** (5)
FISA 1 1961 French Grand Prix*** 1961 French Grand Prix Ferrari

* All constructor's wins
** First win for the constructor
*** Team's only championship race

See also

Notes

  1. The Equipe Banco Occidental team became the last privateer team to have entered a Williams car for a race alongside the Williams works team at the 1981 Spanish Grand Prix, but eventually withdrew before the practice and qualifying.
  2. Between 1954–1955 based in Germany.
  3. Red Bull had a British licence in 2005 and 2006.[40]
  4. In 1949 and 1950, AFM participated in the German Formula 2 championship.[41]
  5. From 1950 to 1951 and from 1979–1985 Alfa Romeo had an Italian licence; from 2019 to 2023, they carried a Swiss one due to being operated under Sauber Motorsport's guise.[42]
  6. Peter de Klerk contested the 1963 and 1965 South African Grands Prix in a home-built "Alfa Special"
  7. From 1950 to 1959, Alta was also an engine manufacturer for teams HWM, Cooper and Connaught.[43]
  8. Arrows were known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996.[44]
  9. In 1964 and 1967, ATS was an engine manufacturer for teams Derrington-Francis and Cooper, racing at the 1964 Italian and 1967 British Grands Prix with Mário de Araújo Cabral and Silvio Moser.[45]
  10. BAR formerly Tyrrell; subsequently became Honda, then Brawn, then Mercedes.[46]
  11. Benetton formerly Toleman; subsequently became Renault, then Lotus F1 then Renault again, then Alpine.[46]
  12. From 1986 to 1995 Benetton had a British licence; from 1996 to 2001, an Italian one.[47]
  13. Coloni subsequently became Andrea Moda.[48]
  14. Force India formerly Jordan, Midland and Spyker; subsequently became Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[46]
  15. Frank Williams Racing Cars includes Politoys (1972), Iso-Marlboro (1973-1974) and Wolf-Williams (1976) cars. Prior to 1972 FWRC ran customer chassis. Subsequently became Wolf. Williams Grand Prix Engineering was a new constructor established by Frank Williams and Patrick Head after Williams left Wolf-Williams.[52]
  16. Jaguar formerly Stewart Grand Prix. Subsequently became Red Bull Racing.[46]
  17. Jordan subsequently became Midland F1 Racing, then Spyker, then Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[46]
  18. Leyton House formerly March Engineering.[54]
  19. From 1981 to 1982 as Talbot Ligier; subsequently became Prost Grand Prix.[55]
  20. Lola includes Larrousse (1990) and MasterCard Lola (1997) entries.[56]
  21. March subsequently became Leyton House Racing, later reappearing as March for one final season.[54]
  22. Marussia formerly Virgin Racing, subsequently became Manor Racing.[57][58]
  23. From 2012 to 2014 Marussia had a Russian licence; in 2015 a British one.[59]
  24. Midland formerly Jordan Grand Prix; subsequently became Spyker F1, then Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[46]
  25. Minardi subsequently became Scuderia Toro Rosso, then AlphaTauri.[46]
  26. Osella subsequently became Fondmetal.[60]
  27. Prost formerly Ligier.[55]
  28. Racing Point Force India formerly Jordan, Midland, Spyker and Force India; subsequently became Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[46]
  29. Racing Point formerly Jordan, Midland, Spyker, Force India and Racing Point Force India; subsequently became Aston Martin.[46]
  30. Renault had a British licence in 2011.[62]
  31. From 1993 to 2005 and from 2011 to 2018 as Sauber; from 2006 to 2010 as BMW Sauber; from 2024 to 2025 as Kick Sauber.[46]
  32. From 1993 to 2005, from 2010 to 2018 and from 2024 to 2025 Sauber had a Swiss licence (in 2010 as BMW Sauber and from 2024 to 2025 as Kick Sauber); from 2006 to 2009, a German one (as BMW Sauber).
  33. From 1973 to 1975 Shadow had an American licence; from 1976 to 1980, a British one.[63]
  34. Spyker formerly Jordan Grand Prix and Midland F1 Racing; subsequently became Force India, then Racing Point Force India, then Racing Point, then Aston Martin.[46]
  35. Stewart subsequently became Jaguar Racing.[46]
  36. Toleman subsequently became Benetton Formula.[46]
  37. Scuderia Toro Rosso formerly Minardi; subsequently became AlphaTauri.[46]
  38. Tyrrell subsequently became British American Racing.[46]
  39. Virgin subsequently became Marussia F1, then Manor Racing.[57][58]
  40. Virgin had a British licence in 2010 and a Russian one in 2011.[64]
  41. Wolf formerly Frank Williams Racing Cars.[52]
  42. In 1952 and 1953 Scuderia Platé built their own engines for the Maserati-Platé 4CLT.

Bibliography

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